中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 1383-1395.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01016

• 综述:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

视网膜退行性疾病的损伤与修复：从分子基础到临床转化

  

  • 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2025-07-25

Damage and repair in retinal degenerative diseases: Molecular basis through clinical translation

Ziting Zhang1, #, Junfeng Ma2, #, Wahid Shah3 , Xin Quan3 , Tao Ding3 , Yuan Gao1, 4, *   

  1. 1 Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China;  2 Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;  3 Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China;  4 Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
  • Online:2026-04-15 Published:2025-07-25
  • Contact: Yuan Gao, PhD, gaoyuan8785@126.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2019YFA0111200; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. U23A20436, 82371047; Key Research Project in Shanxi Province, No. 202302130501008; Shanxi Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, No. 202103021221008; Key Research and Development Program in Shanxi Province, No. 202204051001023; Shanxi Medical University Doctor’s Startup Fund Project, No. SD22028 (all to YG).

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摘要：

视网膜神经节细胞是连接眼睛和中枢神经系统的桥梁神经元，将视觉信号传递给大脑。视网膜神经节细胞的损伤和丧失是多种视网膜变性疾病的主要病理变化，如青光眼、缺血性视神经病变、糖尿病神经病变和视神经炎。在哺乳动物中，受伤的视网膜神经节细胞缺乏再生能力，并在受伤后几天内发生细胞凋亡。此外，视网膜神经节细胞表现出有限的再生能力，最终导致视力受损，并有可能导致失明。目前，临床上治疗青光眼的唯一有效方法是通过药物或手术降低眼压来防止视力丧失，但这并不能阻止视网膜神经节细胞丧失对视功能的影响。此综述全面探讨了视网膜退行性疾病中视网膜神经节细胞变性的机制，并深入探讨细胞替代疗法的现状和潜力。随着我们对视网膜神经节细胞退化所涉及的复杂过程的认识不断加深，新的治疗方法不断涌现，如细胞移植，这将会为修复视网膜神经节细胞退化性改变带来更有效的方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-6333 (Yuan Gao)

关键词: 细胞替代疗法, 疾病机制, 青光眼, 视神经损伤, 再生医学, 视网膜疾病, 退化, 视网膜神经节细胞, 干细胞疗法, 视力恢复

Abstract: Retinal ganglion cells are the bridging neurons between the eye and the central nervous system, transmitting visual signals to the brain. The injury and loss of retinal ganglion cells are the primary pathological changes in several retinal degenerative diseases, including glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and optic neuritis. In mammals, injured retinal ganglion cells lack regenerative capacity and undergo apoptotic cell death within a few days of injury. Additionally, these cells exhibit limited regenerative ability, ultimately contributing to vision impairment and potentially leading to blindness. Currently, the only effective clinical treatment for glaucoma is to prevent vision loss by lowering intraocular pressure through medications or surgery; however, this approach cannot halt the effect of retinal ganglion cell loss on visual function. This review comprehensively investigates the mechanisms underlying retinal ganglion cell degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases and further explores the current status and potential of cell replacement therapy for regenerating retinal ganglion cells. As our understanding of the complex processes involved in retinal ganglion cell degeneration deepens, we can explore new treatment strategies, such as cell transplantation, which may offer more effective ways to mitigate the effect of retinal degenerative diseases on vision.

Key words: cell replacement therapy, degeneration, glaucoma, optic nerve damage, regenerative medicine, retinal degenerative disease, retinal diseases, retinal ganglion cells, stem cell therapy, vision restoration