中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 800-810.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00001

• 原著:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

胰高血糖素样肽1眼局部给药可促进突触前γ-氨基丁酸释放改善早期糖尿病视网膜神经节细胞功能

  

  • 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2025-05-24

Topical administration of GLP-1 eyedrops improves retinal ganglion cell function by facilitating presynaptic GABA release in early experimental diabetes

Yu-Qi Shao, Yong-Chen Wang, Lu Wang, Hang-Ze Ruan, Yun-Feng Liu, Ti-Hui Zhang, Shi-Jun Weng, Xiong-Li Yang, Yong-Mei Zhong*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2026-02-15 Published:2025-05-24
  • Contact: Yong-Mei Zhong, PhD, ymzhong@fudan.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 32070989 (to YMZ), 31872766 (to YMZ), 81790640 (to XLY), and 82070993 (to SJW); and the grant from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, No. SZSM202011015 (to XLY).

摘要:

已有研究表明,作为能够促进胰岛素分泌而有效控制血糖的胰高血糖素样肽1及其受体激动剂可改善糖尿病引起的视网膜神经退行性病变,然而,其保护作用的潜在神经机制尚在研究中。此次实验采用膜片钳技术记录链脲佐菌素诱导大鼠糖尿病模型视网膜神经节细胞中γ-氨基丁酸A型受体介导的微小抑制性突触后电流,可见高血糖能降低了大鼠视网膜神经节细胞中γ-氨基丁酸能微小抑制性突触后电流的频率,但不影响其振幅,表明视网膜神经节细胞自发释放的γ-氨基丁酸减少。而胰高血糖素样肽1眼局部给药2周可抑制微小抑制性突触后电流频率下调,促进视网膜神经节细胞的存活。而同时眼局部给予胰高血糖素样肽1受体拮抗剂Ex-9-39或γ-氨基丁酸A型受体特异性拮抗剂SR95531可消除胰高血糖素样肽1对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用。此外,胰高血糖素样肽1的细胞外灌注可增强ON型和OFF型视网膜神经节细胞中γ-氨基丁酸能微小抑制性突触后电流频率,这可通过激活胰高血糖素样肽1受体后的胰高血糖素样肽1受体/磷酸肌醇-磷脂酶C/三磷酸肌醇受体/Ca2+/蛋白激酶C信号通路来介导。此外,多通道微电极阵列技术表明,胰高血糖素样肽1改善了糖尿病状态下ON型视网膜神经节细胞的光反应功能。视动行为学检测系统测试显示,糖尿病大鼠的空间分辨率以及视觉敏感度水平显著降低,而局部给予胰高血糖素样肽1能恢复这2个参数。上述发现表明,胰高血糖素样肽1可通过胰高血糖素样肽1受体激活促进γ-氨基丁酸释放至视网膜神经节细胞,使视网膜神经节细胞相关的神经回路去兴奋,抑制兴奋性毒性过程,进而促进视网膜神经节细胞的存活及视觉功能的改善。提示γ-氨基丁酸系统可能成为抑制早期尿病视网膜病变的潜在治疗靶点,而眼局部胰高血糖素样肽1可提供一种治疗早期糖尿病视网膜病变无创且有效的方法。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3382-2655 (Yong-Mei Zhong)

关键词: 糖尿病视网膜病变, 胰高血糖素样肽1, 抑制性突触传递, 微小抑制性突触后电流, 神经退行性变, 神经保护, 膜片钳记录, 蛋白激酶C, 视网膜神经节细胞, 视觉功能

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults, with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness. In the brain, defects in γ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission are associated with pathophysiological and neurodegenerative disorders, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects. However, it is not yet clear whether diabetes causes alterations in inhibitory input to retinal ganglion cells and whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina through regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to retinal ganglion cells. In the present study, we used the patch-clamp technique to record γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor–mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes model rats. We found that early diabetes (4 weeks of hyperglycemia) decreased the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells without altering their amplitude, suggesting a reduction in the spontaneous release of γ-aminobutyric acid to retinal ganglion cells. Topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops over a period of 2 weeks effectively countered the hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of GABAergic mIPSC frequency, subsequently enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells. Concurrently, the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats were eliminated by topical administration of exendin-9-39, a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist, or SR95531, a specific antagonist of the γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor. Furthermore, extracellular perfusion of glucagonlike peptide-1 was found to elevate the frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both ON- and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells. This elevation was shown to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathway downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation. Moreover, multielectrode array recordings revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 functionally augmented the photoresponses of ON-type retinal ganglion cells. Optomotor response tests demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity that were significantly ameliorated by topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1. These results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 facilitates the release of γ-aminobutyric acid onto retinal ganglion cells through the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, leading to the de-excitation of retinal ganglion cell circuits and the inhibition of excitotoxic processes associated with diabetic retinopathy. Collectively, our findings indicate that the γ-aminobutyric acid system has potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops represents a non-invasive and effective treatment approach for managing early-stage diabetic retinopathy. 

Key words: diabetic retinopathy, glucagon-like peptide-1, inhibitory synaptic transmission, miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, patch-clamp recording, protein kinase C, signaling pathway, visual function