中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 1505-1512.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01359

• 原著:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    

上运动神经元受累负担与肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者双侧肢体受累间隔相关:回顾性观察研究

  

  • 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2024-10-31
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82071426, 81873784)和北京大学第三医院临床队列建设项目(BYSYDL2019002)

The burden of upper motor neuron involvement is correlated with the bilateral limb involvement interval in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective observational study

Jieying Wu1, 2 , Shan Ye1, 2 , Xiangyi Liu1, 2 , Yingsheng Xu1, 2 , Dongsheng Fan1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China;  2 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translattonal Research in Neurodegenerattve Diseases, Beijing, China;  3 Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Nattonal Health Commission/Ministry of Educatton, Peking University, Beijing, China
  • Online:2025-05-15 Published:2024-10-31
  • Contact: Dongsheng Fan, MD, PhD, dsfan2010@aliyun.com.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Nattonal Natural Science Foundatton of China, Nos. 82071426, 81873784; and Clinical Cohort Constructton Program of Peking University Third Hospital, No. BYSYDL2019002 (all to DF).

摘要:

肌萎缩性侧索硬化是一种罕见的神经退行性疾病,其特征是上下运动神经元均受累。早期的双侧肢体受累严重影响患者的日常生活,可能导致患者卧床不起。因此,研究上下运动神经元损伤的负担和其他风险因素是否对双侧肢体受累有影响至关重要。此项回顾性观察研究收集了20201月至20225月在北京大学第三医院收治的肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者586例肢体发病患者。首先,通过单因素分析发现在不同的表型中(以上运动单位受累为主的肌萎缩性侧索硬化和经典型的肌萎缩性侧索硬化),无论是横向传播还是纵向传播,受累的间隔均无明显统计学差异;其次,在不考虑受累顺序的情况下,无论是上肢还是下肢,累及对侧肢体的受累间隔也无统计学差异。因此,在此基础上,研究团队利用有向无环图的方法收集潜在的影响因素,包括:起病年龄、起病部位(上/下肢、左/右侧)、性别、传播模式(横向/纵向)、球部是否为第二受累区域、上运动神经元受累评分,构建Cox比例风险回归模型,将累及起病肢体对侧设定为生存结局,而相应的受累间隔设定为生存时间,并将起病年龄通过限制性立方样条调整为分类变量,以53岁为界。多变量分析结果显示,以肢体起病的肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者,当具有较高的上运动神经元受累评分、以左侧肢体起病或者以横向传播的模式发展,均为肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者受累至对侧肢体的危险因素,有进一步缩短受累的间隔风险。结果表明,在肢端发病的肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者中,上运动神经元受累程度越高,可能导致对侧肢体受累进展越快。此研究成果有助于对肢体发病的肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者的管理和患者预后的预测。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-9821 (Dongsheng Fan); https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4847-4068 (Jieying Wu)

Abstract:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons. Early bilateral limb involvement significantly affects patients’ daily lives and may lead them to be confined to bed. However, the effect of upper and lower motor neuron impairment and other risk factors on bilateral limb involvement is unclear. To address this issue, we retrospectively collected data from 586 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2020 and May 2022. A univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in the time intervals of spread in different directions between individuals with upper motor neuron-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and those with classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We used causal directed acyclic graphs for risk factor determination and Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between the duration of bilateral limb involvement and clinical baseline characteristics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Multiple factor analyses revealed that higher upper motor neuron scores (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.09, P = 0.018), onset in the left limb (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58–0.89, P = 0.002), and a horizontal pattern of progression (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.37–0.58, P < 0.001) were risk factors for a shorter interval until bilateral limb involvement. The results demonstrated that a greater degree of upper motor neuron involvement might cause contralateral limb involvement to progress more quickly in limb-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. These findings may improve the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with limb onset and the prediction of patient prognosis.

Key words:

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bilateral limb involvement, Cox proportional hazards regression model, horizontal spread, restricted cubic spline analysis, time interva, upper motor neuron, vertical spread