中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 2796-2805.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01574

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

炎症小体与神经系统疾病:小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的视角

  

  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-03-26

The roles of microglia and astrocytes in inflammasomes and neurological disorders

Yuze Xia1, 2, #, Yimin Huang1, 2, #, Yuan Liu1, 2, Xincheng Zhang1, 2, Huayu Kang1, 2, Yanchao Liu1, 2, Chenxuan Yu1, 2, Chao Gan1, 2, Huaqiu Zhang1, 2, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; 
    2Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
  • Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-03-26
  • Contact: Huaqiu Zhang, MD, PhD, zhanghq@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82371405 (to HZ) and 82203683 (to YH); the Hubei Provincial Key Research Projects, No. 2022BCA027.

摘要:

炎症体(Inflammasomes)是一类能识别外源性病原体和内源性组织损伤的蛋白质复合物。它们能诱导炎症反应和脓毒症,参与先天性免疫和适应性免疫调节,影响疾病和健康。神经炎症与神经系统疾病密切相关。神经系统的平衡主要由神经胶质细胞调控,其中小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在神经保护和神经毒性方面发挥着双重作用。最近的研究强调了小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中介导与神经精神疾病相关的神经炎症的重要性。炎性体在神经胶质细胞和神经炎症中的作用日益受到关注。这篇综述系统阐述了经典与非经典炎症小体的分类、激活机制,并聚焦小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,解析二者通过炎症小体介导神经炎症的互作网络及其在疾病中的调控作用,以期为临床治疗提供新的视角和见解。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-2040 (Huaqiu Zhang)

关键词: 星形胶质细胞, 脑血管疾病, 炎性体, 炎症, 小胶质细胞, 神经退行性疾病, 神经炎症, 神经系统疾病

Abstract: Inflammasomes, a category of protein complexes, recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous tissue damage. In response, they induce inflammatory responses and pyroptosis, and are involved in both innate immunity and the regulation of adaptive immunity, with significant effects in disease and health. Neuroinflammation is closely related to neurological disorders. Nervous system homeostasis is primarily regulated by glial cells, with microglia and astrocytes playing a dual role in both neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. Recent studies highlight the importance of microglia and astrocytes within the central nervous system in mediating neuroinflammation associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. In particular, the role of inflammasomes in glial cells and neuroinflammation has garnered growing attention. This review classifies inflammasomes and their activation mechanisms as well as explores their involvement in the activation of microglia and astrocytes in various neurological diseases, aiming to contribute a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and brain injury and identification of novel therapeutic targets.

Key words: astrocytes, cerebrovascular diseases, inflammasomes, inflammation, microglia, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, neurological disorders