中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 491-501.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00836

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经调控技术在调节认知功能方面的应用及前景

  

  • 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 基金资助:
    科技创新2030重大项目，编号：2021ZD0201603；中国科学院联合基金项目，编号：8091A170201；国家自然科学基金项目，编号：T2293730、T2293731、T2293734；国家自然科学基金，编号：T2293730、T2293731、T2293734、62471291、62121003、61960206012、62333020和 62171434；中国国家重点研发计划，编号：2022YFC2402501、2022YFB3205602。

Neuromodulation techniques for modulating cognitive function: Enhancing stimulation precision and intervention effects

Hanwen Cao1, 2, Li Shang1, 2, Deheng Hu1, 2, Jianbing Huang1, 2, Yu Wang1, 2, Ming Li1, 2, Yilin Song1, 2, Qianzi Yang3 , Yan Luo3 , Ying Wang3, *, Xinxia Cai1, 2, *, Juntao Liu1, 2, *   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;  2 School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;  3 Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2026-02-15 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Ying Wang, MD, wy10879@rjh.com.cn; Xinxia Cai, PhD, xxcai@mail.ie.ac.cn; Juntao Liu, PhD, liujuntao@mail.ie.ac.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by STI 2030 – Major Projects, No. 2021ZD0201603 (to JL); the Joint Foundation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 8091A170201 (to JL); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. T2293730 (to XC), T2293731 (to XC), T2293734 (to XC), 62471291 (to YW), 62121003 (to XC), 61960206012 (to XC), 62333020 (to XC), and 62171434 (to XC); the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Nos. 2022YFC2402501 (to XC), 2022YFB3205602 (to XC).

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摘要：

神经调控技术可有效干预认知功能，在航空航天医学、生命科学和脑科学研究方面具有重要的科学和实用价值。该技术利用电刺激直接或间接针对特定脑区，调节神经活动，影响更广泛的脑网络，从而调节认知功能。关于认知功能调节的讨论包括感知能力、学习和记忆、注意力、空间认知能力和身体功能等方面。为了加强认知调节在普通人群中的应用，文章综述了Web of Science的相关文献内容，以评估有创和无创刺激方法在调节认知功能方面的进展和挑战。近期用于认知功能干预的神经调控技术，包括脑深部刺激、迷走神经刺激和使用微电极阵列的侵入性方法。非侵入性技术包括经颅磁刺激、经颅直流电刺激、经颅交流电刺激、经皮穴位电刺激和用于高深度目标激活的时间干扰刺激。侵入性刺激方法是研究神经系统疾病发病机制的理想方法，但会造成更大的创伤，而且对认知功能调节的研究较少。非侵入性方法，尤其是较新的经颅刺激技术，对普通人群的认知功能调节更温和、更有效，这些方法包括使用穴位的经皮穴位电刺激和激活深层目标的时间干扰法。未来建议将神经调控技术与神经检测技术相结合，以更好地评估认知功能干预效果，提高无创神经调控的准确性。开展闭环反馈神经调控方法的研究也是该技术未来的一个发展方向。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-3500 (Ying Wang); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-7252 (Xinxia Cai); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-398X (Juntao Liu)

关键词: 穴位, 注意力, 大脑, 认知, 效率, 电刺激, 微电极, 运动障碍, 神经系统, 知觉

Abstract: Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function, holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace, medicine, life sciences, and brain research. These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions, modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks, thereby regulating cognitive function. Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception, learning and memory, attention, spatial cognition, and physical function. To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population, this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions. This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention, including deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays. The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets. Invasive stimulation methods, which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation. Non-invasive methods, particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques, are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population. These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets. This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology. It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation. Additionally, researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.

Key words: acupuncture points, attention, brain, cognition, efficiency, electrical stimulation, microelectrodes, movement disorders, nervous system, perception