中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 2254-2274.

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米医学在脑卒中治疗中的应用及前景

  

  • 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2025-09-17
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82272616, 82271325）；北京市自然科学基金(7252076）。

Nanomedicines and stroke: Advantages in chronic inflammation treatment and neural regeneration

Chuhan Liu1, #, Yuanyuan Ran1, #, Changbin Hu1 , Mengjie Wang1 , Ning Li1 , Zhi Yang1 , Zitong Ding1 , Chenye Qiao1 , Jianing Xi1, *, Wei Su2, *, Lin Ye3, *, Zongjian Liu1, *   

  1. 1 Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;  2 Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;  3 School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
  • Online:2026-06-15 Published:2025-09-17
  • Contact: Jianing Xi, MS, xijn999@ccmu.edu.cn; Zongjian Liu, PhD, liuzj888@ccmu.edu.cn; Wei Su, MD, swa01179@btch.edu.cn; Lin Ye, PhD, yelin@bit.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82272616 (to ZL), 82271325 (to WS); the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No. 7252076 (to YR).

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摘要：

脑卒中按其起源可分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中。 脑卒中后的病理生理学非常复杂，其特点是持续的炎症、神经元损伤和活性氧在大脑中的积累，反映了一个动态的变化过程。 这种复杂性阻碍了典型的脑卒中治疗程序取得实质性的治疗效果，阻碍了脑卒中后的愈合。此综述的目的是介绍一种创新的脑卒中后治疗方法，利用纳米药物改变脑卒中后的大脑微环境。此综述认为，慢性炎症和神经修复问题是导致脑卒中患者长期功能障碍的主要原因。传统疗法在亚急性期和慢性期的神经保护、免疫调节和神经再生方面的疗效有限。脑卒中的治疗需要根据不同阶段的病理特征制定特定的治疗策略。各类纳米药物具有不同的理化特性，应根据具体的治疗要求进行选择。表面修饰技术显著提高了纳米药物在血脑屏障中的穿透力和给药时的靶向能力，但纳米药物的稳定性、生物相容性和长期安全性还需要进一步优化才能应用于临床。 纳米药物通过靶向给药和多方面的调节机制为脑卒中治疗提供了一种创新方法，尤其是在治疗慢性炎症和神经再生方面具有独特的优势。 因此，纳米医学有望在未来显著提高脑卒中患者的康复效果和生活质量，成为脑卒中治疗的重要方式。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-9378 (Jianing Xi); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-8992 (Zongjian Liu); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-7535 (Wei Su); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-3020 (Lin Ye) 

关键词: 血脑屏障, 药物输送, 出血性脑卒中, 缺血性脑卒中, 神经再生, 神经免疫调节, 纳米医学, 纳米技术, 再生医学, 脑卒中

Abstract: Stroke can be categorized as ischemic and hemorrhagic on the basis of its origin. The pathophysiology following a stroke is complex, and is characterized by ongoing inflammation, neuronal injury, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the brain, all of which reflect a dynamic process of change. This complexity hinders achievement of significant therapeutic outcomes with standard stroke treatment procedures, limiting post-stroke recovery. This review presents an innovative poststroke therapeutic approach that utilizes nanomedicines to modify the cerebral microenvironment. It highlights the primary roles of chronic inflammation and nerve repair issues in causing prolonged impairment in stroke patients. Traditional therapies show limited effectiveness in achieving neuroprotection, immunoregulation, and neural regeneration during the subacute and chronic phases of stroke. Therefore, effective stroke management requires the use of specific therapeutic strategies tailored to the pathological characteristics of each phase. Various types of nanomedicines possess distinct physicochemical properties and can be selected on the basis of the specific therapeutic needs. Surface-modification technologies have significantly enhanced the ability of nanomedicines to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and improve their targeting capabilities in drug administration. However, the stability, biocompatibility, and long-term safety of nanomedicines require further optimization for clinical application. Nanomedicines represent a novel approach to stroke treatment through targeted delivery and multifaceted regulatory mechanisms. These medicines provide distinct advantages, particularly in addressing chronic inflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. As a result, nanomedicines are expected to significantly improve rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life for stroke patients in the future, emerging as a crucial modality for stroke treatment.

Key words: blood–brain barrier, drug delivery, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, nanomedicine, nanotechnology, neural regeneration, neuroimmunomodulation, regenerative medicine, stroke