中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 1738-1763.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00027

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经再生领域生物材料和药物递送的新策略

  

  • 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2025-08-20

Drug-delivery strategies using biomaterials in the field of nerve regeneration

Linbin Xu1, 2, 3, Chao Zhou1, 3, *, Xu Wang1, 2, 3, 4, *, Cunyi Fan1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;  2 National Center for Orthopedics, Shanghai, China;  3 Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China;  4 National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2026-05-15 Published:2025-08-20
  • Contact: Xu Wang, PhD, wangxuany@foxmail.com or wangxumail@sjtu.edu.cn; Chao Zhou, zh2c0211@163.com; Cunyi Fan, PhD, cyfan@sjtu.edu.cn.

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摘要：

神经损伤会导致严重的功能损伤，且中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的再生能力均极为有限。目前，临床中对神经损伤的常规药物治疗存在靶向性差、循环系统药物清除快、治疗效率低等问题。因此，文章首先描述了神经再生的相关机制、一系列用作神经再生药物递送的生物材料和其功能化策略，主要包含天然和合成聚合物、无机材料以及与之相关的药物复合递送平台，特别是纳米粒子、水凝胶和基于支架的系统。然后，重点讨论了神经再生药物递送系统的类型比较以及神经再生药物靶向递送的机制和挑战。最后，总结了神经再生药物靶向递送的临床应用研究及局限性。这些生物材料和药物递送可提供机械支持、生物活性分子的持续释放和增强的细胞间接触，最终导致 细胞凋亡减少，功能恢复增强。然而，免疫反应、降解调节和临床转化仍在进行中。未来应侧重于优化生物材料性能，提高输送精度，克服转化障碍。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-090X (Xu Wang); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-6206 (Chao Zhou); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7854-5233 (Cunyi Fan)

关键词: 药物, 周围神经, 神经再生, 生物材料, 载药策略, 药物输送策略, 药物释放策略, 组织工程, RNA, 临床试验。

Abstract: Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments, and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity. The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practice show poor targeting, rapid drug clearance from the circulatory system, and low therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, in this review, we have first described the mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration, characterized the biomaterials used for drug delivery to facilitate nerve regeneration, and highlighted the functionalization strategies used for such drug-delivery systems. These systems mainly use natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and hybrid systems with advanced drug-delivery abilities, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, and scaffoldbased systems. Then, we focused on comparing the types of drug-delivery systems for neural regeneration as well as the mechanisms and challenges associated with targeted delivery of drugs to facilitate neural regeneration. Finally, we have summarized the clinical application research and limitations of targeted delivery of these drugs. These biomaterials and drug-delivery systems can provide mechanical support, sustained release of bioactive molecules, and enhanced intercellular contact, ultimately reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing functional recovery. Nevertheless, immune reactions, degradation regulation, and clinical translations remain major unresolved challenges. Future studies should focus on optimizing biomaterial properties, refining delivery precision, and overcoming translational barriers to advance these technologies toward clinical applications.

Key words: biomaterials, clinical trial, drug, drug-delivery strategy, drug-loading strategy, drugrelease strategy, nerve regeneration, peripheral nerve, RNA, tissue engineering