中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 4157-4168.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-25-00582

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

以神经递质功能障碍为靶点的神经调控技术: 实现阿尔茨海默病治疗手段的创新

  

  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-05-19
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（81701297，82071483）

Neuromodulation techniques targeting neurotransmitter dysfunction: Innovation in treatments for Alzheimer’s disease

Siyuan Jin1, 2, Bingqi Guo1, 2, Wensi Hao1, 2, Xin Su1, 2, Tingting Zhang1, 2, *, Chunyan Liu1, 2, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; 
    2Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-05-19
  • Contact: Chunyan Liu, MD, lcysfysg@xwhosp.org; Tingting Zhang, PhD, zhtingting129@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81701297, 82071483 (both to CL).

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摘要：

阿尔茨海默病以进行性认知衰退为特征，伴随突触功能障碍和神经递质失衡。新型神经调控方法，包括非侵入性和侵入性神经调控技术，展现出恢复神经回路完整性、改善认知功能的潜力。文章重在阐明神经调控与神经网络回路及神经递质之间的关系。文章系统性整合了神经调控技术的最新进展，重点关注其对4大关键神经递质系统(胆碱能、谷氨酸能、γ-氨基丁酸能及单胺能系统)的调控能力。文章确立了神经递质调节与突触可塑性机制间的关键关联，创新性地提出”回路-递质”三重干预框架，首次系统整合了多种神经调控技术的神经递质调节机制，并评估其在阿尔茨海默病干预中的临床可行性。除既定靶点外，作者认为海马-丘脑轴(通过直接内嗅皮质-丘脑投射连接)是超声神经调控研究的潜在重点方向。


https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-6580 (Chunyan Liu); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-3623 (Tingting Zhang)

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 深部脑刺激, 默认模式网络, 神经病学, 神经调控技术, 神经递质制剂, 经颅直流电刺激, 经颅磁刺激, 经颅超声刺激, 迷走神经刺激

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and neurotransmitter imbalance. Novel neuromodulation approaches, both non-invasive and invasive, show promising potential for restoring neural circuit integrity and improving cognition. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between neuromodulation, neural network circuits, and neurotransmitters. It systematically synthesizes recent advances in neuromodulation techniques, focusing on their ability to modulate four critical neurotransmitter systems: cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and monoaminergic systems. Additionally, this review establishes a critical association between neurotransmitter regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, proposing a novel “circuit-transmitter” triad framework for intervention. It represents the first systematic integration of the neurotransmitter regulation mechanisms of various neuromodulation techniques while evaluating their clinical viability for Alzheimer’s disease intervention. Beyond established targets, this review identifies the hippocampus-thalamus axis, linked via direct entorhinal-thalamic projections, as a promising focus for ultrasonic neuromodulation research. 

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, deep brain stimulation, default mode network, neurology, neuromodulation technologies, neurotransmitter agents, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial ultrasound stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation