脊髓损伤后内源性雪旺细胞在组织修复中的作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雪旺细胞是周围神经系统胶质细胞，负责轴突髓鞘的生成以及把轴突装入生成的髓鞘中，还负责周围神经系统损伤后的组织修复。由于他们有很多内在特性，比如他们能够分泌多种细胞营养因子，因此成为了几个被广泛研究的细胞之一，并且主要用于细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）。本文总结了脊髓损伤后内生雪旺细胞方面的新发现，并且讨论了他们在组织修复和轴突再生过程中所起的作用。脊髓损伤后，大量内生的雪旺细胞从原来的神经根转移到受伤位置，参与受伤部位的组织修复和髓鞘形成，这些雪旺氏细胞也可以移动很长距离，并远离损伤部位的吻侧和尾部。此外，在一定情况下，雪旺细胞还能被诱导在脊髓里移动最小的距离（如瘢痕切除）并且和星形胶质细胞结合到一起。更重要的是，主要的雪旺细胞可以以不同细胞形式被引导到脊髓里，如外生雪旺细胞、嗅鞘细胞、源于骨髓的基质干细胞。由脊髓损伤导致的内生雪旺细胞的迁移在动物和人类中是一种常见的自然现象，并且已经证实雪旺细胞的髓鞘生成在电生理信息传导过程中起着重要作用，因此如果内生雪旺细胞的固有特性能够得到充分了解并加以利用，这将为脊髓损伤后的恢复提供一个新途径。

关键词: 雪旺氏细胞, 脊髓损伤, 组织修复, 轴突再生, 髓鞘形成, 大鼠, 疤痕切除, 星形胶质细胞, 移植, 玫瑰红, 嗅鞘细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞

Abstract:

Schwann cells are glial cells of peripheral nervous system, responsible for axonal myelination and ensheathing, as well as tissue repair following a peripheral nervous system injury. They are one of several cell types that are widely studied and most commonly used for cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury, due to their intrinsic characteristics including the ability to secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors. This mini review summarizes the recent findings of endogenous Schwann cells after spinal cord injury and discusses their role in tissue repair and axonal regeneration. After spinal cord injury, numerous endogenous Schwann cells migrate into the lesion site from the nerve roots, involving in the construction of newly formed repaired tissue and axonal myelination. These invading Schwann cells also can move a long distance away from the injury site both rostrally and caudally. In addition, Schwann cells can be induced to migrate by minimal insults (such as scar ablation) within the spinal cord and integrate with astrocytes under certain circumstances. More importantly, the host Schwann cells can be induced to migrate into spinal cord by transplantation of different cell types, such as exogenous Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells. Migration of endogenous Schwann cells following spinal cord injury is a common natural phenomenon found both in animal and human, and the myelination by Schwann cells has been examined effective in signal conduction electrophysiologically. Therefore, if the inherent properties of endogenous Schwann cells could be developed and utilized, it would offer a new avenue for the restoration of injured spinal cord.

Key words: neural regeneration, spinal cord injury, Schwann cells, spinal cord injury, tissue repair, axonal regeneration, myelination, rat, scar ablation, astrocytes, cell transplantation, rose Bengal, olfactory ensheathing cells, bone marrow stromal cell, grant-supported paper, neuroregeneration

. 脊髓损伤后内源性雪旺细胞在组织修复中的作用[J]. 中国神经再生研究(英文版), 2013, 8(2): 177-185.

Shu-xin Zhang, Fengfa Huang, Mary Gates, Eric G. Holmberg . Role of endogenous Schwann cells in tissue repair after spinal cord injury[J]. Neural Regeneration Research, 2013, 8(2): 177-185.

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引言

材料方法

讨论

文章快阅

延伸阅读

脊髓损伤已成为当今医学界的一大课题，雪旺细胞可促进脊髓损伤后轴突的再生和神经功能的恢复，由于他们有很多内在特性，比如他们能够分泌多种细胞营养因子，并因其在周围神经结构组成中的特殊地位和作用，一直是研究的重点，主要用于细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）。此外，在一定情况下，雪旺细胞还能被诱导在脊髓里移动最小的距离（如瘢痕切除）并且和星形胶质细胞结合到一起。
脊髓损伤后，内源性雪旺氏细胞可进入病变部位，并参与病变部位的组织修复，轴突再生和髓鞘形成。而外源性细胞移植可促进内源性雪旺氏细胞迁移至脊髓里，参与受伤部位的组织修复和髓鞘形成，这些雪旺氏细胞也可以移动很长距离，并远离损伤部位的吻侧和尾部。
利用雪旺细胞治疗脊髓损伤,研究表明主要的雪旺细胞可以以不同细胞形式被引导到脊髓里，如外生雪旺细胞、嗅鞘细胞、源于骨髓的基质干细胞。由脊髓损伤导致的内生雪旺细胞的迁移在动物和人类中是一种常见的自然现象，并且已经证实雪旺细胞的髓鞘生成在电生理信息传导过程中起着重要作用。
本文先进性、创新性及其特色
在本综述中呈现了一些现有的研究，据估计，每年发生约1.2万个脊髓损伤新病例。针对脊髓损伤的恢复已有大量的研究文献。然而，目前还没有可以完全治愈脊髓损伤的疗法。内源性雪旺氏细胞是一种天然来源可部分治愈脊髓损伤。进一步了解内源性雪旺氏细胞在脊髓损伤的调控可为脊髓损伤提供新的治疗策略，以提高脊髓损伤的恢复。
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