中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (12): 1884-1887.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.197079

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

中枢神经系统轴突再生的靶向细胞表面受体

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-12-07 出版日期:2016-12-31 发布日期:2016-12-31

Targeting cell surface receptors for axon regeneration in the central nervous system

Menghon Cheah1, Melissa R. Andrews2, *   

  1. 1 John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 2 School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
  • Received:2016-12-07 Online:2016-12-31 Published:2016-12-31
  • Contact: Melissa R. Andrews, Ph.D., mra5@st-andrews.ac.uk.

摘要:

英国圣安德鲁斯大学医学院Melissa R. Andrews讲师证实了3种类型的细胞表面受体:整合素,trk受体和跨膜蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶σ(PTPσ)作为增强轴突再生研究靶点的潜力。轴突再生领域研究主要分两大阵营:外部阵营主张研究在病变环境中的限制因素,而内在阵营主张专注于神经元内的影响因素。也许细胞表面受体可以作为这两大阵营间的纽带,因为需要在细胞表面上存在正确的受体以在细胞内传递细胞外信号。对细胞外基质中的物质作出适当响应可以确定神经元及其轴突的再生能力,而对这些细胞表面受体进行操纵可以促进中枢神经系统的轴突再生。

orcid: 0000-0003-1659-3771 (Menghon Cheah), 0000-0001-5960-5619 (Melissa R. Andrews)

关键词: 轴突再生, 背根神经节, 细胞外基质, 整合蛋白, 肌腱蛋白, trk受体

Abstract: Axon regeneration in the CNS is largely unsuccessful due to excess inhibitory extrinsic factors within lesion sites together with an intrinsic inability of neurons to regrow following injury. Recent work demonstrates that forced expression of certain neuronal transmembrane receptors can recapitulate neuronal growth resulting in successful growth within and through inhibitory lesion environments. More specifcally, neuronal expression of integrin receptors such as alpha9beta1 integrin which binds the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C, trk receptors such as trkB which binds the neurotrophic factor BDNF, and receptor PTPσ which binds chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, have all been show to signifcantly enhance regeneration of injured axons. We discuss how reintroduction of these receptors in damaged neurons facilitates signalling from the internal environment of the cell with the external environment of the lesion milieu, effectively resulting in growth and repair following injury. In summary, we suggest an appropriate balance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors are required to obtain substantial axon regeneration.

Key words: axon regeneration, dorsal root ganglion, extracellular matrix, integrin, tenascin-c, trk receptors