中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (7): 1186-1192.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.211201

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    

脐带可提供能分化为多巴胺能神经元的无限细胞资源

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-05-27 出版日期:2017-07-15 发布日期:2017-07-15

Umbilical cord: an unlimited source of cells differentiable towards dopaminergic neurons

Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni, Mossa Gardaneh   

  1. Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
  • Received:2017-05-27 Online:2017-07-15 Published:2017-07-15
  • Contact: Mossa Gardaneh, Ph.D., mossabenis65@gmail.com.

摘要:

以间充质干细胞为主要资源的细胞替代疗法(CRT)给神经系统疾病的治疗带来了巨大前景。帕金森病(PD)特征之一是中脑亚区域内特定的多巴胺能(DAergic)神经元的局部退化,这一特征使得CRT成为理想的治疗PD的方法,因为其可替代性补充丢失的DAergic神经元。文章讨论了可分化为功能性DAergic神经元的无限来源的脐带间充质干细胞(UCMSCs),文章还介绍了miRNAs介导的UCMSCs的神经元分化。UCMSCs作为种子细胞还有很多优点,诸如非致瘤性、低免疫原性,这使其成为CRT的理想选择。然而,现在还缺乏更多的随机对照临床试验来进一步确认UCMSCs用于帕金森病临床治疗的应用效果。

ORCID:0000-0003-3036-2929(Mossa Gardaneh); 0000-0002-1987-4563(Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni)

关键词: 脐带, 间充质干细胞, 分化, 神经元, 多巴胺能神经元, 多巴胺, 黑质, 腹侧中脑, 帕金森病, 细胞替代疗法

Abstract:

Cell replacement therapy utilizing mesenchymal stem cells as its main resource holds great promise for ultimate treatment of human neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, chronic neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by localized degeneration of a specific set of dopaminergic neurons within a midbrain sub-region. The specific cell type and confined location of degenerating neurons make cell replacement therapy ideal for PD treatment since it mainly requires replenishment of lost dopaminergic neurons with fresh and functional ones. Endogenous as well as exogenous cell sources have been identified as candidate targets for cell replacement therapy in PD. In this review, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) are discussed as they provide an inexpensive unlimited reservoir differentiable towards functional dopaminergic neurons that potentially lead to long-lasting behavioral recovery in PD patients. We also present miRNAs-mediated neuronal differentiation of UCMSCs. The UCMSCs bear a number of outstanding characteristics including their non-tumorigenic, low-immunogenic properties that make them ideal for cell replacement therapy purposes. Nevertheless, more investigations as well as controlled clinical trials are required to thoroughly confirm the efficacy of UCMSCs for therapeutic medical-grade applications in PD.

Key words: nerve regeneration, umbilical cord, mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation, neuronal, dopaminergic neurons, dopamine, substantia nigra, ventral mesencephalon, Parkinson’s disease, cell replacement therapy, neural regeneration