中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 2634-2648.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00838

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

Meynert基底核深部脑刺激治疗的神经退行性疾病认知功能障碍:证据和机制更新

  

  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 基金资助:
    国家常见多发病重点项目(2022YFC2503800),国家自然科学基金项目(82472100,81974279),湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB279)

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive impairment: An update on evidence and mechanisms

Xuyang Liu1 , Kai Shu1 , Liwu Jiao1 , Yumei Geng2 , Mengying Wang2 , Huicong Kang2, *   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China;  2 Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
  • Online:2026-07-15 Published:2025-10-17
  • Contact: Huicong Kang, MD, kanghuicong@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Project of Common and Frequently Occurring Diseases, No. 2022YFC25038001; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82472100, 81974279; and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, No. 2022CFB279 (all to HK).

摘要:

目前神经退行性疾病的药物治疗仅限于缓解症状,而不能减缓或逆转疾病进展。深部脑刺激作为一种神经调控技术,可通过在脑靶区植入电极来传递电脉冲,已被用于缓解神经退行性疾病的症状。由于深部脑刺激能进行精确靶向的神经调节,目前正在探索其用于治疗阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病痴呆等神经退行性疾病认知障碍,以管理症状,并提高整体生活质量。Meynert基底核是脑胆碱能系统和Papez回路的关键组成部分,鉴于其在调节认知、记忆和注意力方面不可或缺的作用,因而有望成为治疗神经退行性疾病认知功能障碍的潜在靶点。然而,尽管已有动物和临床证据和假设,底核深部脑刺激可能通过调节受损的胆碱能系统、改善葡萄糖代谢、增加区域脑血流、提供神经保护作用或调节异常神经网络来改善认知功能,但其对神经退行性疾病认知障碍的机制在很大程度上仍然未知。此次综述总结了有关Meynert基底核深部脑刺激对神经退行性疾病认知障碍的治疗作用和潜在机制的最新研究进展,并回顾了Meynert基底核的解剖结构、连接性和生理功能。Meynert基底核深部脑刺激可通过多种机制改善神经退行性疾病认知障碍,因而亟需开展统一刺激参数及模式、更大样本量的多中心临床研究明确Meynert基底核深部脑刺激对神经退行性疾病中认知功能障碍的有效性及安全性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-8491 (Huicong Kang)

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 帕金森病, 认知, 胆碱能通路, 深部脑刺激, 痴呆, 机制, 神经调控Meynert基底核, 神经退化性疾病

Abstract: Current pharmacotherapy for neurodegenerative diseases is limited to providing symptomatic relief, instead of slowing or reversing disease progression. As a form of neuromodulation surgery, deep brain stimulation delivers electrical pulses through implanted electrodes in targeted brain regions and has been used to alleviate symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on the precise targeting of neural modulation, deep brain stimulation is being explored for its potential to manage symptoms and improve overall quality of life in neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. The nucleus basalis of Meynert, a critical component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit, is considered as a promising target for treating cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases due to its essential role in regulating cognition, memory, and attention. However, the comprehensive mechanisms by which deep brain stimulation of nucleus basalis of Meynert affects neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive impairment remain largely uncharacterized. Nonetheless, various hypotheses and evidence from animal and clinical studies suggest mechanisms such as the modeulation of the cholinergic system, increased glucose metabolism and regional cerebral blood flow, neuroprotective effects, and the modulation of neural networks. In this review, we update the advances in research regarding the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of deep brain stimulation of nucleus basalis of Meynert on cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we examine the anatomy, connectivity, and physiological functions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Deep brain stimulation of nucleus basalis of Meynert may improve cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases through multiple mechanisms; however, further larger-scale, multi-center clinical trials conducted at earlier disease stages are necessary to fully confirm its efficacy and safety.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, cholinergic pathway, cognition, deep brain stimulation, dementia, mechanism, neucleus basalis of Meynert, neurodegenerative diseases, neuromodulation, Parkinson’s disease