中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 180-189.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.374136

• 观点:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

光生物调节抑制脊髓损伤后硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖表达的机制

  

  • 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2023-08-02

Photobiomodulation inhibits the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury via the Sox9 pathway

Zhihao Zhang, Zhiwen Song, Liang Luo, Zhijie Zhu, Xiaoshuang Zuo, Cheng Ju, Xuankang Wang, Yangguang Ma, Tingyu Wu, #br# Zhou Yao, Jie Zhou, Beiyu Chen, Tan Ding, Zhe Wang*, Xueyu Hu*#br#   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Online:2024-01-15 Published:2023-08-02
  • Contact: Zhe Wang, MD, wangzhe@fmmu.edu.cn; Xueyu Hu, MD, huxueyu@fmmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81070996 (to ZW), 81572151 (to XH); Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program, Nos. 2020ZDLSF02-05 (to ZW), 2021ZDLSF02-10 (to XH); Everest Project of Military Medicine of Air Force Medical University, No. 2018RCFC02 (to XH); and Boosting Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, No. XJZT19Z22 (to ZW).

摘要:

作者既往研究已发现810 nm光生物调节可有效抑制脊髓损伤后硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的形成,并显著改善运动功能,然而其涉及的具体机制以及潜在靶点仍有待阐明。实验首先以T9夹闭法构建了脊髓损伤小鼠模型,并于损伤部位进行50mW/cm2,持续50min的光生物调节,连续7d。结果发现,光生物调节可显著恢复小鼠的运动功能,下调损伤脊髓中硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的表达。进一步生物信息学分析发现,光生物调节可抑制脊髓损伤诱导的蛋白聚糖相关基因的表达,且Versican是变化最显著的分子之一。免疫荧光染色显示,脊髓损伤后,Versican存在于脊髓组织中星形胶质细胞中,且体外培养的原代星形胶质细胞在炎症诱导后Versican表达增加,而光生物调节可抑制其水平。最后对光生物调节干预的炎症星形胶质细胞进行分析发现,磷酸化Smad3、磷酸化P38(MAPK亚族)和磷酸化Erk(MAPK亚族)的表达均发生了变化,说明Smad3/Sox9通路和MAPK/Sox9通路则是光生物调节发挥生物学功能的重要通路。由此提示,光生物调节对硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖家族表达具有调节作用,并发现versican是光生物调节干预硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖的关键靶分子之一,且发现MAPK/SOX9通路和Smad3/SOX9通路可能是这一过程中发挥调节作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-1196 (Xueyu Hu); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-1583 (Zhe Wang)

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖, 光生物调节, versican, Sox9, Smad3, MAPK, P38, Erk, 主成分分析

Abstract: Both glial cells and glia scar greatly affect the development of spinal cord injury and have become hot spots in research on spinal cord injury treatment. The cellular deposition of dense extracellular matrix proteins such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inside and around the glial scar is known to affect axonal growth and be a major obstacle to autogenous repair. These proteins are thus candidate targets for spinal cord injury therapy. Our previous studies demonstrated that 810 nm photobiomodulation inhibited the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury and greatly improved motor function in model animals. However, the specific mechanism and potential targets involved remain to be clarified. In this study, to investigate the therapeutic effect of photobiomodulation, we established a mouse model of spinal cord injury by T9 clamping and irradiated the injury site at a power density of 50 mW/cm2 for 50 minutes once a day for 7 consecutive days. We found that photobiomodulation greatly restored motor function in mice and downregulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the injured spinal cord. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of proteoglycan-related genes induced by spinal cord injury, and versican, a type of proteoglycan, was one of the most markedly changed molecules. Immunofluorescence staining showed that after spinal cord injury, versican was present in astrocytes in spinal cord tissue. The expression of versican in primary astrocytes cultured in vitro increased after inflammation induction, whereas photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of versican. Furthermore, we found that the increased levels of p-Smad3, p-P38 and p-Erk in inflammatory astrocytes were reduced after photobiomodulation treatment and after delivery of inhibitors including FR 180204, (E)-SIS3, and SB 202190. This suggests that Smad3/Sox9 and MAPK/Sox9 pathways may be involved in the effects of photobiomodulation. In summary, our findings show that photobiomodulation modulates the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and versican is one of the key target molecules of photobiomodulation. MAPK/Sox9 and Smad3/Sox9 pathways may play a role in the effects of photobiomodulation on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan accumulation after spinal cord injury.

Key words: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, Erk, MAPK, P38, photobiomodulation, principal component analysis, Smad3, Sox9, spinal cord injury, versican