中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 1864-1889.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01539

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

短链脂肪酸介导帕金森病的肠道和中枢神经系统平衡

  

  • 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2025-08-21
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科学技术厅项目（202403AC100007，202301AY070001-239）； 云南省人才回流支持计划（2019-069，2019-300）；国家自然科学基金（32260196）；昆明医科大学资助项目（2024S085）。

Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: Focusing on the mediation of T lymphocytes

Ke Li1 , Rongsha Chen1 , Ruohua Wang1, 2, Wenhui Fan1 , Ninghui Zhao1, 3, *, Zhongshan Yang4, *, Jinyuan Yan1, *   

  1. 1 Experiment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China;  2 Department of Blood Transfusion, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China;  3 Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China;  4 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sino Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
  • Online:2026-05-15 Published:2025-08-21
  • Contact: Ninghui Zhao, MD, zhaoninghui@kmmu.edu.cn; Zhongshan Yang, PhD, yangzhongshan@ynucm.edu.cn; Jinyuan Yan, PhD, yanjinyuan@kmmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Nos. 202403AC100007 (to NZ), 202301AY070001-239 (to JY); Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program, Nos. 2019-069 (to ZY) and 2019-300 (to JY); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 32260196 (to JY); a grant from Kunming Medical University, No. 2024S085 (to KL).

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摘要：

神经退行性疾病是一类中枢神经系逐渐退化，导致患者认知、运动和情感能力逐渐下降的疾病。神经炎症参与了神经退行性疾病 的发展。然而，基于神经炎症的治疗方法研究较少。T 淋巴细胞是适应性免疫反应的重要介质，其在神经退行性疾病中的功能已得到认可。 此综述的目的是讨论 T 淋巴细胞在与神经退行性疾病相关的神经炎症中的作用。神经退行性疾病的发病机制涉及多种机制和途径，导致神经元逐渐退化，T 细胞是其中的重要组成部分。神经退行性疾病神经炎症发展的主要原因之一是 T 细胞和其他神经免疫细胞（包括小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、B 细胞和 NK 细胞）的浸润。CD4+ T细胞的不同亚群，包括Th1、Th2、Th17和Treg细胞，在神经退行性疾病的神经炎症环境中发挥不同的作用。此外，可控制免疫反应和直接杀死靶细胞的 CD8+ T 细胞在神经退行性疾病中也发挥着重要作用。目前的靶向 T 细胞疗法治疗神经退行性疾病的临床试验结果并不一致，一些患者反应良好，而另一些患者则反应不佳，并可能出现负面影响，这主要是由于中枢神经系统的免疫系统错综复杂，很难在不产生不良反应的情况下精确靶向 T 细胞。未来研究者们通过对神经退行性疾病神经炎症机制的新认识，有望为开发以 T 细胞为靶点的创新治疗方法奠定坚实的理论基础。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-2071 (Ninghui Zhao); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5270-0119 (Zhongshan Yang); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3398-3459 (Jinyuan Yan)

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 肌萎缩侧索硬化症, CD4+ T细胞, CD8+ T细胞, 多发性硬化症, 神经退行性疾病, 神经炎症, 帕金森病, T细胞, Th1, Th17, Th2, Treg

Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of illnesses characterized by the gradual deterioration of the central nervous system, leading to a decline in patients’ cognitive, motor, and emotional abilities. Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the progression of these diseases. However, there is limited research on therapeutic approaches to specifically target neuroinflammation. The role of T lymphocytes, which are crucial mediators of the adaptive immune response, in neurodegenerative diseases has been increasingly recognized. This review focuses on the involvement of T lymphocytes in the neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, involving multiple mechanisms and pathways that contribute to the gradual degeneration of neurons, and T cells are a key component of these processes. One of the primary factors driving neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases is the infiltration of T cells and other neuroimmune cells, including microglia, astrocytes, B cells, and natural killer cells. Different subsets of CD4+ T cells, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells, can differentiate into various cell types and perform distinct roles within the neuroinflammatory environment of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CD8+ T cells, which can directly regulate immune responses and kill target cells, also play several important roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical trials investigating targeted T cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases have shown that, while some patients respond positively, others may not respond as well and may even experience adverse effects. Targeting T cells precisely is challenging due to the complexity of immune responses in the central nervous system, which can lead to undesirable side effects. However, with new insights into the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, there is hope for the establishment of a solid theoretical foundation upon which innovative treatment strategies that target T cells can be developed in the future.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, helper T cell, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease, regulatory T cell