中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 1947-1960.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01338

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚焦神经肌肉接头:线粒体功能障碍和老化过程中的氧化应激系统综述

  

  • 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2025-08-21

Systematic review of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging: A focus on neuromuscular junctions

Senlin Chai1, 2, Ning Zhang1, 2, Can Cui1, 2, Zhengyuan Bao3 , Qianjin Wang1, 2, Wujian Lin1, 2, Ronald Man Yeung Wong1 , Sheung Wai Law1 , Rebecca Schönmehl4 , Christoph Brochhausen4 , Wing Hoi Cheung1, 2, *   

  1. 1 Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;  2 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;  3 Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China;  4 Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  • Online:2026-05-15 Published:2025-08-21
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from Collaborative Research Fund (Ref: C4032-21GF); General Research Grant (Ref: 14114822); Group Research Scheme (Ref: 3110146); and Area of Excellence (Ref: AoE/M-402/20).

摘要:

线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激被广泛认为是老化的主要驱动因素,并与多种神经退行性疾病相关。老化过程中运动神经元的退化是导致肌肉疏松症进展的关键病理因素。然而,人们对线粒体的形态和功能变化及其在衰老过程中神经肌肉接头(NMJ)退化过程中的相互作用仍然知之甚少。此系统综述对 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Embase 数据库(最后访问日期:2024 年 10 月 30 日)进行了检索,检索词包括 “线粒体”、“衰老 ”和 “NMJ”。包含老化过程中线粒体功能障碍和神经肌肉接头退化的临床和临床前研究。27 项研究被纳入本系统综述。此系统综述概述了衰老过程中神经肌肉接头、线粒体形态、生物合成、呼吸链功能和有丝分裂的形态、功能和生物学变化。重点是老化过程中线粒体和神经肌肉接头之间的相互作用及其机制。衰老的特征是线粒体融合/分裂循环、生物合成和线粒体质量控制的显著减少,这可能导致神经肌肉接头功能障碍、神经支配和体能低下。表现出氧化还原敏感性的运动神经末梢最先出现异常,最终通过受损的神经肌肉接头传输功能导致肌肉力量的早期下降。Pparg 辅激活因子 1 alpha 是一种调节线粒体生物生成的关键分子,可调节各种途径,包括线粒体呼吸链、能量缺乏、氧化应激和炎症。线粒体功能障碍与神经肌肉接头神经支配和乙酰胆碱受体的断裂有关,导致肌肉萎缩和老化过程中的力量下降。物理疗法、药物疗法和基因疗法可通过恢复线粒体功能来缓解神经肌肉接头的结构退化和功能衰退。因此,线粒体被认为是在衰老过程中保护神经肌肉接头形态和功能以治疗少肌症的潜在靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-8255 (Wing Hoi Cheung)

关键词:

衰老, 线粒体功能障碍, 神经肌肉接头, 氧化应激, 少肌症, 系统综述

Abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia. However, the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood. A defined systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases (last accessed on October 30, 2024) was conducted with search terms including ‘mitochondria’, ‘aging’ and ‘NMJ’. Clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular junction degeneration during aging. Twentyseven studies were included in this systematic review. This systematic review provides a summary of morphological, functional and biological changes in neuromuscular junction, mitochondrial morphology, biosynthesis, respiratory chain function, and mitophagy during aging. We focus on the interactions and mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions during aging. Aging is characterized by significant reductions in mitochondrial fusion/fission cycles, biosynthesis, and mitochondrial quality control, which may lead to neuromuscular junction dysfunction, denervation and poor physical performance. Motor nerve terminals that exhibit redox sensitivity are among the first to exhibit abnormalities, ultimately leading to an early decline in muscle strength through impaired neuromuscular junction transmission function. Parg coactivator 1 alpha is a crucial molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and modulates various pathways, including the mitochondrial respiratory chain, energy deficiency, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with neuromuscular junction denervation and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation, resulting in muscle atrophy and a decrease in strength during aging. Physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, and gene therapy can alleviate the structural degeneration and functional deterioration of neuromuscular junction by restoring mitochondrial function. Therefore, mitochondria are considered potential targets for preserving neuromuscular junction morphology and function during aging to treat sarcopenia.

Key words: aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromuscular junction, oxidative stress, sarcopenia, systematic review