轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病脑功能影像的研究现状

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病正成为认知功能领域研究的主要方向。研究2种疾病的早期脑结构和功能变化有助于该病的预防和治疗。海马、嗅皮质和内侧颞叶的灰质结构变化是早期诊断轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的重要解剖结构。弥散张量成像可显示白质纤维的破坏导致弥散的屏障破坏，沿白质纤维束方向的弥散减弱，而向四周的弥散增强。正电子放射断层扫描可检测到阿尔茨海默病患者脑内淀粉样斑块。在此，我们总结了轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的脑功能成像研究的最新进展。

关键词: 神经再生, 综述, 神经影像, 轻度认知功能障碍, 阿尔茨海默病, 弥散功能成像, 各向异性分数, 平均扩散张量, 海马, 内侧颞叶, 磁共振成像

Abstract:

The rapidly increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease has the potential to create a major worldwide healthcare crisis. Structural MRI studies in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment are currently attracting considerable interest. It is extremely important to study early structural and metabolic changes, such as those in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and gray matter structures in the medial temporal lobe, to allow the early detection of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The microstructural integrity of white matter can be studied with diffusion tensor imaging. Increased mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy are found in subjects with white matter damage. Functional imaging studies with positron emission tomography tracer compounds enable detection of amyloid plaques in the living brain in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we will focus on key findings from brain imaging studies in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, including structural brain changes studied with MRI and white matter changes seen with diffusion tensor imaging, and other specific imaging methodologies will also be discussed.

Key words: neural regeneration, neuroimaging, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, magnetic resonance imaging, photographs-containing paper, neuorregeneration

. 轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病脑功能影像的研究现状[J]. 中国神经再生研究(英文版), 2013, 8(5): 435-444.

Changhao Yin, Siou Li, Weina Zhao, Jiachun Feng. Brain imaging of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Neural Regeneration Research, 2013, 8(5): 435-444.

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