中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12): 2743-2750.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.373717

• 原著:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

东方蝾螈脊髓损伤后神经再生的生物学和转录组分析

  

  • 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32270516,31970413);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MC83);南京农业大学启动基金(804090)

Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord regeneration after injury in Cynops orientalis

Di Wang1, #, Man Zhao1, #, Xiao Tang1, Man Gao1, Wenjing Liu1, Minghui Xiang2, Jian Ruan1, Jie Chen3, Bin Long1, Jun Li1, *   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China; 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital, Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
  • Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-06-15
  • Contact: Jun Li, PhD, lijunplant@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 32270516, 31970413, the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, No. 1908085MC83 (to JL), and a Start-up grant from Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 804090.

摘要:

蝾螈的脊髓再生能力极强。如能探明蝾螈脊髓再生的分子机制,将为实现哺乳动物脊髓再生研究提供思路。实验选取在中国广泛分布的东方蝾螈作为研究对象,行脊髓横断构建脊髓损伤模型。可见其在损伤4和10d时存在明显的结缔组织再生,受损的脊髓被逐渐修复,在损伤3周内基本可恢复运动功能,且在脊髓损伤恢复期间,胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞持续增殖,并充满整个灰质,且成熟神经元数量也逐渐增加。继而以转录组测序筛选出蝾螈脊髓再生过程中存在13059种差异表达基因,经差异基因的趋势分析其中有4273种基因持续下调,1564种基因持续上调。再次筛选可见,Plp1,Krt75,Kbp等基因与哺乳动物脊髓再生有关。KEGG分析结果显示,差异表达的基因主要与免疫系统、细胞外基质以及细胞内的能量和蛋白质代谢有关。综上,东方蝾螈这些在脊髓再生中差异表达的基因可为进一步研究哺乳动物脊髓损伤及修复提供帮助。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-054X (Jun Li)

关键词: 东方蝾螈, 蝾螈, 脊髓损伤, 脊髓再生, RNA测序, 胶质纤维酸性蛋白, NeuN, 神经元, 动物模型, 脑脊膜

Abstract: Cynops orientalis (C. orientalis) has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord regeneration. In this study, we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in C. orientalis, which is an endemic species in China. We performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury – during the very acute stage (4 days) and the subacute stage (7 days) – and identified differentially expressed genes; additionally, we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, at each time point. Transcriptome sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during C. orientalis spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals, among which 4273 were continuously down-regulated and 1564 were continuously up-regulated. Down-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term “multicellular organismal process” and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord injury. We found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury, indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound healing. Immune response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase (4 days), while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen, as well as tight junction proteins, was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord injury. However, compared with 4 days post-injury, at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated, up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle, and SHH, VIM, and Sox2 were prominently up-regulated. Immunofluorescence staining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was up-regulated in axolotl ependymoglial cells after injury, similar to what is observed in mammalian astrocytes after spinal cord injury, even though axolotls do not form a glial scar during regeneration. We suggest that low intracellular energy production could slow the rapid amplification of ependymoglial cells, thereby inhibiting reactive gliosis, at early stages after spinal cord injury. Extracellular matrix degradation slows cellular responses, represses the expression of neurogenic genes, and reactivates a transcriptional program similar to that of embryonic neuroepithelial cells. These ependymoglial cells act as neural stem cells: they migrate and proliferate to repair the lesion and then differentiate to replace lost glial cells and neurons. This provides the regenerative microenvironment that allows axon growth after injury. 

Key words: Cynops orientalis, extracellular matrix, glial fibrillary acidic protein, metabolism, neuron, RNA sequence, salamander, spinal cord injury, spinal cord regeneration, Transcriptomics