中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (11): 3076-3094.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00462

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

工程化细胞外囊泡治疗神经系统疾病的靶向性能力

  

  • 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-02-22

Targeting capabilities of engineered extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases

Xinyu Yang# , Xiangyu Gao# , Xiaofan Jiang, Kangyi Yue* , Peng Luo*   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-02-22
  • Contact: Peng Luo, MD, pengluo@fmmu.edu.cn; Kangyi Yue, PhD, yuekangyi@fmmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82171363, 82371381 (to PL), 82171458 (to XJ); Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province, Nos. 2024SF-YBXM-404 (to KY)

摘要:

近年来,细胞外囊泡治疗神经系统疾病的研究发展迅速。由于细胞外囊泡的治疗效果以及可穿越血脑屏障的能力,其已成为治疗缺血性脑卒中、创伤性脑损伤、神经退行性疾病、胶质瘤和精神病等神经系统疾病的潜在给药载体。然而,天然细胞外囊泡的靶向能力低且半衰期短,这严重限制了其使用。迄今为止,已开发出多种工程化细胞外囊泡,以赋予其更强的靶向能力,并将其内容物输送到特定组织或细胞。此次综述回顾了天然细胞外囊泡和靶向工程化细胞外囊泡与治疗创伤性脑损伤、缺血性脑卒中、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、胶质瘤和精神病的最新进展,并总结了细胞外囊泡相关的最新临床试验,最后讨论了靶向工程细胞外囊泡在治疗神经系统疾病中的药物递送所面临的挑战和前景,为神经系统疾病的高效靶向治疗提供新的研究思路。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-939X (Peng Luo); https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2202-3293 (Kangyi Yue)

关键词: 工程化细胞外囊泡, 靶向给药, 神经系统疾病, 缺血性脑卒中, 创伤性脑损伤, 帕金森病, 阿尔茨海默病, 胶质瘤, 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化, 精神病

Abstract: Recent advances in research on extracellular vesicles have significantly enhanced their potential as therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. Owing to their therapeutic properties and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, extracellular vesicles are recognized as promising drug delivery vehicles for various neurological conditions, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioma, and psychosis. However, the clinical application of natural extracellular vesicles is hindered by their limited targeting ability and short clearance from the body. To address these limitations, multiple engineering strategies have been developed to enhance the targeting capabilities of extracellular vesicles, thereby enabling the delivery of therapeutic contents to specific tissues or cells. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the latest advancements in natural and targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles, exploring their applications in treating traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glioma, and psychosis. Additionally, we summarized recent clinical trials involving extracellular vesicles and discussed the challenges and future prospects of using targeting-engineered extracellular vesicles for drug delivery in treating neurological diseases. This review offers new insights for developing highly targeted therapies in this field.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, engineered extracellular vesicles, glioma, ischemic stroke, neurological diseases, Parkinson’s disease, psychosis, targeted drug delivery, traumatic brain injury