中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 923-937.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00792

• 综述:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤与炎症介质：在“防火带”形成中的作用和神经再生潜力

  

  • 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2025-07-02

Spinal cord injury and inflammatory mediators: Role in “fire barrier” formation and potential for neural regeneration

Mi Zhou1, 2, 3, #, Zhengyu Xu1, 2, 3, #, Hao Zhong1, 2, 3, #, Guangzhi Ning1, 2, 3, *, Shiqing Feng1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China;  2 International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China;  3 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China;  4 Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China;  5 Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University & Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2026-03-15 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Shiqing Feng, PhD, sqfeng@tmu.edu.cn; Guangzhi Ning, MD, gzning@tmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82272470 (to GN), 82072439 (to GN), 81930070 (to SF); the Tianjin Health Key Discipline Special Project, No. TJWJ2022XK011 (to GN); the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 22ZYYJQ01 (to GN); Tianjin Key Medical Disciplines, No. TJYXZDXK-027A (to SF); and National Key Research and Development Program - Stem Cells and Transformation Research, No. 2019YFA0112100 (to SF).

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摘要：

创伤性脊髓损伤会导致严重而持久的功能损害，进而引发复杂的炎症和病理事件。将脊髓瘢痕喻为“防火带”，旨在其可控制急性期神经炎症的传播，但也会阻碍轴突的再生。最近的研究加深了对免疫调节的理解，揭示了与损伤相关的炎症细胞和分子具有双重作用。此次综述首先使用文献计量分析来检索脊髓损伤中炎症介质的研究，全面分析了脊髓损伤中神经炎症的研究现状和最新进展。文章总结了脊髓损伤不同阶段免疫和炎症反应，为后续研究提供重要的信息。此外还比较了斑马鱼和哺乳动物的神经再生，并探索了针对神经炎症和神经再生的新兴疗法。文章继而还回顾了基于炎症介质的脊髓损伤修复策略。最后讨论了基于免疫靶向策略的转化研究的现状和未来方向，包括制药、生物医学工程和基因治疗。因此提出开发一种联合、精确和多时相的策略来修复受损的脊髓是一个潜在的未来方向。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9437-7674 (Shiqing Feng); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1635-9902 (Guangzhi Ning)

关键词: 中枢神经系统, 脊髓损伤, 神经炎症, 胶质瘢痕, 炎症介质, 文献计量学, 斑马鱼, 免疫调节药物, 慢性期, 轴突再生, 条件损伤范式

Abstract: Traumatic spinal cord injury result in considerable and lasting functional impairments, triggering complex inflammatory and pathological events. Spinal cord scars, often metaphorically referred to as “fire barriers,” aim to control the spread of neuroinflammation during the acute phase but later hinder axon regeneration in later stages. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of immunomodulation, revealing that injury-associated inflammation involves various cell types and molecules with positive and negative effects. This review employs bibliometric analysis to examine the literature on inflammatory mediators in spinal cord injury, highlighting recent research and providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and the latest advances in studies on neuroinflammation related to spinal cord injury. We summarize the immune and inflammatory responses at different stages of spinal cord injury, offering crucial insights for future research. Additionally, we review repair strategies based on inflammatory mediators for the injured spinal cord. Finally, this review discusses the current status and future directions of translational research focused on immune-targeting strategies, including pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, and gene therapy. The development of a combined, precise, and multitemporal strategy for the repair of injured spinal cords represents a promising direction for future research.

Key words: axon regeneration, bibliometric analysis, central nervous system, chronic phase, conditioning lesion paradigm, glia scar, immunomodulatory pharmaceutics, inflammatory mediator, neuroinflammation, spinal cord injury, zebrafish