中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 2609-2620.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01381

• 原著:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷酸二酯酶4调控蛛网膜下腔出血后的神经元焦亡

  

  • 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-04-17
  • 基金资助:
    该研究由国家自然科学基金面上项目(81870927)和重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0112)资助

Phosphodiesterase 4 regulates pyroptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Jiahe Tan1, #, Yinrui Ma1, #, Rui Song2, Hongjiang Ye1, Jun Su1, Zhaohui He1, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; 
    2Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

  • Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-04-17
  • Contact: Zhaohui He, MD, geno_he@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81870927 (to ZH) and the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, No. CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0112 (to ZH).

摘要:

磷酸二酯酶4是参与调控细胞信号传导的关键酶蛋白,但其对蛛网膜下腔出血的影响尚不明确。有研究显示,神经元焦亡参与了蛛网膜下腔出血后的早期脑损伤。为探究磷酸二酯酶4是否能通过介导神经元焦亡促进蛛网膜下腔出血后的早期脑损伤及其相关机制,实验以血管内穿孔方法建立蛛网膜下腔出血小鼠模型,并在原代神经元培养液中加入氧合血红蛋白建立体外蛛网膜下腔出血模型。在蛛网膜下腔出血后 30 min给予小鼠腹腔注射磷酸二酯酶4特异性抑制剂乙唑醇。在蛛网膜下腔出血前72 h脑室内注射siRNA以达到基因敲除磷酸二酯酶4的目的。为了探究其机制,在蛛网膜下腔出血前 60min静脉注射了一种核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体含吡啶结构域 3(NLRP3)特异性激动剂尼格列汀。结果显示,乙唑醇治疗可减轻小鼠的神经功能缺损和脑水肿,减轻神经元焦亡和炎症反应,改善神经元损伤。用磷酸二酯酶4 siRNA治疗具有与乙唑醇相同的神经保护作用。从机制上讲,磷酸二酯酶4触发核因子κB通路,同时引起蛛网膜下腔出血后溶酶体和线粒体功能障碍,共同促进NLRP3炎性体活化,诱导神经元焦亡。阻断磷酸二酯酶4可抑制核因子κB通路,改善溶酶体和线粒体功能。激活 NLRP3 可逆转乙唑醇的神经保护作用,但不影响磷酸二酯酶4的表达。研究结果表明,磷酸二酯酶4可调节蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤中 NLRP3 介导的神经元焦亡。磷酸二酯酶4可能是治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的潜在分子靶点。


https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-9150 (Zhaohui He)

关键词: 早期脑损伤, 依他唑醇, 溶酶体功能, 线粒体功能, 神经元, NLRP3, 核因子卡巴-B, 磷酸二酯酶4, 神经元焦亡, 蛛网膜下腔出血

Abstract: Phosphodiesterase 4 is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of cell signal transduction, but its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains unclear. Neuronal pyroptosis has been reported to be involved in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study aimed to investigate whether phosphodiesterase 4 contributes to early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by mediating neuronal pyroptosis and its related mechanisms. Endovascular perforation of male C57BL/6J mice was performed to model subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo, and oxyhemoglobin was added to the culture medium of primary neurons to model subarachnoid hemorrhage in vitro. A phosphodiesterase 4-specific inhibitor, etazolate, was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage induction. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was administered intracerebroventricularly 72 hours before subarachnoid hemorrhage to achieve genetic knockdown of phosphodiesterase 4. To investigate the mechanism, a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-specific agonist, nigericin, was intracerebroventricularly injected 60 minutes before subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuronal phosphodiesterase 4 expression increased after subarachnoid hemorrhage and reached the highest point at 24 hours. Etazolate treatment reduced neurological deficits and brain edema in mice, alleviated neuronal pyroptosis and inflammatory response, and improved neuronal injury. Treatment with phosphodiesterase 4 siRNA had the same neuroprotective effects as etazolate. Mechanistically, phosphodiesterase 4 triggered the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway, and simultaneously caused lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage, which promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and induced neuronal pyroptosis. Blocking of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway, and improved lysosome and mitochondrial function. Activation of NLRP3 reversed the neuroprotective effects of etazolate without affecting phosphodiesterase 4 expression. Together, the results indicate that phosphodiesterase 4 regulates NLRP3-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Phosphodiesterase 4 may be a potential therapeutic molecular target for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Key words: early brain injury, etazolate, lysosome function, mitochondrial function, neuron, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor kappa-B, phosphodiesterase 4, pyroptosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage