中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (7): 1463-1472.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.387967

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

大脑外病理性α-突触核蛋白:这么多种子离源泉这么近

  

  • 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2023-11-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82271447,81771382);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0115900);济南新高校20条(202228022)

α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain: so many seeds so close to the central soil#br#

Yunying Yang1, Zhentao Zhang1, 2, *   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; 2TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
  • Online:2024-07-15 Published:2023-11-28
  • Contact: Zhentao Zhang, MD, PhD, zhentaozhang@whu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82271447, 81771382; the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2019YFE0115900; and the “New 20 Terms of Universities in Jinan”, No. 202228022 (all to ZZ).

摘要:

α-突触核蛋白是一种主要存在于突触前末端的蛋白。在包括帕金森病在内的多种神经退行性疾病中,已发现了α-突触核蛋白存在异常折叠和积聚。聚集和高度磷酸化的α-突触核蛋白是大脑中路易小体的主要成分,也是帕金森病的病理标志。几十年来,研究持续关注α-突触核蛋白在大脑实质中的积累,而未将帕金森病视为一种系统性疾病。最近有证据表明,在一些患者中,最初的病理性α-突触核蛋白起源于外周器官,并传递至大脑。将α-突触核蛋白预制纤维注射到胃肠道会触发病理性α-突触核蛋白的肠脑传播。而病理性α-突触核蛋白是否可在外周器官自发发生,而不依赖于外源性α-突触核蛋白预制纤维或中枢神经系统中的病理性α-突触核蛋白渗漏仍在研究中。此次综述们旨在总结外周病理性α-突触核蛋白在帕金森病发病中的作用,还讨论了病理性α-突触核蛋白从外周传递至大脑的途径。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-1472 (Zhentao Zhang)

关键词: 帕金森病, α-突触核蛋白, 磷酸化, 聚集, 传播, 原纤维, 突触核蛋白病, 原位生成, 屏障, 受体, 自主神经系统, 体液循环

Abstract: α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals. Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease. Aggregated and highly phosphorylated α-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. For decades, much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson’s disease as a systemic disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that, at least in some patients, the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain. Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tract triggers the gut-to-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology. However, whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.

Key words: aggregation, autonomic nervous system, barrier receptors, body fluid circulation, in situ generation, Parkinson’s disease, phosphorylation, propagation, synucleinopathies, α-synuclein, α-synuclein fibrils