中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2014, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (11): 1129-1137.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.135315

• 原著:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

射线辐照可改变大脑皮质神经元的细胞骨架及细胞力学特性

  

  • 收稿日期:2014-05-08 出版日期:2014-06-12 发布日期:2014-06-12

Heavy ion and X-ray irradiation alter the cytoskeleton and cytomechanics of cortical neurons

Yuting Du 1, 2, Jie Zhang 2, 1, Qian Zheng 1, Mingxin Li 1, Yang Liu 3, Baoping Zhang 4, Bin Liu 2, 1, Hong Zhang 3, Guoying Miao 5   

  1. 1 School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
    2 School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
    3 Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
    4 School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
    5 Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2014-05-08 Online:2014-06-12 Published:2014-06-12
  • Contact: Bin Liu, Ph.D., School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China, liubkq@lzu.edu.cn. Hong Zhang, Ph.D., Researcher, Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China, zhangh@impcas.ac.cn.

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摘要：

高线性能量传递的重离子比X射线更具有物理和生物学性能的优势，在治疗癌症方面显示出巨大的潜能。但这2种放疗手段带来的严重的放射性脑损伤都不能避免。为了研究重离子与X射线辐照后对生理状态下小鼠皮质神经元的细胞骨架及其力学性能影响及神经元损伤的可能机制，实验分别以重离子束（2Gy）和X射线（4Gy）辐照新生小鼠大脑皮质神经元24h后，以细胞免疫荧光检测发现经重离子和X射线辐照后，神经元数量减少，出现早期凋亡征象，且X射线辐照的损伤作用更为明显。以原子力显微镜检测显示，重离子和X射线辐照后的神经元胞膜粗糙，细胞刚性增加，且X射线辐照后变化更为明显。表明一定剂量的射线辐照会导致神经元细胞骨架结构紊乱，引起细胞骨架结构动力学变化以及骨架重排从而影响细胞力学性能，与X射线相比，重离子束对正常神经元的损伤作用更小。

关键词: 神经再生, 放射性脑损伤, 神经元, 重离子, X射线, 细胞骨架, 细胞力学性能, 原子力显微镜

Abstract:

Heavy ion beams with high linear energy transfer exhibit more beneficial physical and biological performance than conventional X-rays, thus improving the potential of this type of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. However, these two radiotherapy modalities both cause inevitable brain injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heavy ion and X-ray irradiation on the cytoskeleton and cytomechanical properties of rat cortical neurons, as well as to determine the potential mechanism of neuronal injury after irradiation. Cortical neurons from 30 new-born mice were irradiated with heavy ion beams at a single dose of 2 Gy and X-rays at a single dose of 4 Gy; subsequent evaluation of their effects were carried out at 24 hours after irradiation. An immunofluorescence assay showed that after irradiation with both the heavy ion beam and X-rays, the number of primary neurons was significantly decreased, and there was evidence of apoptosis. Radiation-induced neuronal injury was more apparent after X-irradiation. Under atomic force microscopy, the neuronal membrane appeared rough and neuronal rigidity had increased. These cell changes were more apparent following exposure to X-rays. Our findings indicated that damage caused by heavy ion and X-ray irradiation resulted in the structural distortion and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, and affected the cytomechanical properties of the cortical neurons. Moreover, this radiation injury to normal neurons was much severer after irradiation with X-rays than after heavy ion beam irradiation.

Key words: nerve regeneration, radiation brain injury, neurons, heavy ion, X-ray, cytoskeleton, cytomechanical properties, atomic force microscopy, neural regeneration