中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (8): 1197-1209.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.213532

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

光遗传学在神经退变和再生研究中的应用

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-07-11 出版日期:2017-08-15 发布日期:2017-08-15

Optogenetics and its application in neural degeneration and regeneration

Josue D. Ordaz1, 2, 3, Wei Wu1, 2, 3, Xiao-Ming Xu1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1 Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;
    2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;
    3 Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;
    4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
  • Received:2017-07-11 Online:2017-08-15 Published:2017-08-15
  • Contact: Xiao-Ming Xu, M.D., Ph.D.,xu26@iupui.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported in part by NIH NS059622, NS073636, DOD CDMRP W81XWH-12-1-0562, Merit Review Award I01 BX002356 from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Craig H Neilsen Foundation 296749, Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Foundation (ISCBIRF) 019919, and Mari Hulman George Endowment Funds.

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摘要：

神经退变和再生是神经系统疾病研究领域的重要课题。在神经系统疾病治疗中可同时从时间和空间维度控制神经元的干预措施十分有限，而这些非特异性靶点干预又常会使副作用增加。光遗传学是一种可精确地从空间和时间维度控制细胞行为的技术，因而其在神经疾病治疗的应用方面具有很高的潜力。尽管光遗传学在了解脑功能组织和复杂行为状态方面的应用已得到阐述，但其在神经退行和再生的应用潜力上仍然有更充分阐释的空间。文章呈现了光遗传学技术在脊髓损伤、多发性硬化、癫痫、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默等病疾病模型中的应用现状和进展，从更加宽广的视角认识该技术在神经退行和神经再生领域中的应用潜力。

orcid:0000-0002-7229-0081(Xiao-Ming Xu)

关键词: 光激活蛋白, 神经可塑性, 脊髓损伤, 癫痫, 帕金森病, 阿尔茨海默病, 多发性硬化, 神经工程, 记忆提取, 神经元抑制, 神经元激活

Abstract:

Neural degeneration and regeneration are important topics in neurological diseases. There are limited options for therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases that provide simultaneous spatial and temporal control of neurons. This drawback increases side effects due to non-specific targeting. Optogenetics
is a technology that allows precise spatial and temporal control of cells. Therefore, this technique has high potential as a therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. Even though the application of optogenetics in understanding brain functional organization and complex behaviour states have been elaborated, reviews of its therapeutic potential especially in neurodegeneration and regeneration are still limited. This short review presents representative work in optogenetics in disease models such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. It is aimed to provide a broader perspective on optogenetic therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration and neural regeneration.

Key words: light-activated proteins, neural plasticity, spinal cord injury, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, neural engineering, memory retrieval, neuron inhibition, neuron activation, neural regeneration