中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 455-465.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00537

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

当前对癫痫神经回路机制的认识和相关技术

  

  • 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2025-05-17
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科学技术委员会基金的基础研究项目(20210302123486)

Neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy: Maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels

Xueqing Du1 , Yi Wang2 , Xuefeng Wang3 , Xin Tian3, 4, *, Wei Jing1, *   

  1. 1 Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China;  2 Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China;  3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China;  4 Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
  • Online:2026-02-15 Published:2025-05-17
  • Contact: Xin Tian, PhD, xintian@cqmu.edu.cn; Wei Jing, PhD, jingweistar@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanxi Province, No. 20210302123486 (to WJ).

摘要:

癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病,其发作及复发可导致认知、心理和神经生物学后果。癫痫的发病机制涉及分子、细胞和神经回路水平的神经功能障碍。异常的分子信号通路或特定细胞类型的功能障碍可通过改变神经回路的功能导致癫痫。新技术和现有技术的改进促进了对癫痫神经回路机制的发现和深入理解。此次综述基于脑电图、磁共振成像、光遗传学、化学遗传学、深部脑刺激和脑机接口等技术对癫痫神经回路机制的探索,并从结构、突触和递质回路的角度进一步分析癫痫神经回路机制。最终得出,癫痫的神经回路机制包括了不同结构间的信息传递、同一结构内的相互作用以及在细胞、突触和神经递质水平上的稳态维持。该综述可为探索癫痫的病理生理机制和改善临床诊断和治疗提供帮助。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-8919 (Xin Tian); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-1573 (Wei Jing)

关键词: 癫痫发作, 神经回路, 发病机制, 光遗传学, 化学遗传学, 海马, 丘脑, 突触, 神经递质, 文献综述 热点词, 癫痫, 神经回路

Abstract: Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to cognitive, psychological, and neurobiological consequences. The pathogenesis of epilepsy involves neuronal dysfunction at the molecular, cellular, and neural circuit levels. Abnormal molecular signaling pathways or dysfunction of specific cell types can lead to epilepsy by disrupting the normal functioning of neural circuits. The continuous emergence of new technologies and the rapid advancement of existing ones have facilitated the discovery and comprehensive understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the current understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms in epilepsy based on various technologies, including electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, optogenetics, chemogenetics, deep brain stimulation, and brain–computer interfaces. Additionally, this review discusses these mechanisms from three perspectives: structural, synaptic, and transmitter circuits. The findings reveal that the neural circuit mechanisms of epilepsy encompass information transmission among different structures, interactions within the same structure, and the maintenance of homeostasis at the cellular, synaptic, and neurotransmitter levels. These findings offer new insights for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and enhancing its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: chemical genetics, hippocampus, literature review, neural circuits, neurotransmitter, optogenetics, pathogenesis, seizure, synapses, thalamus