中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 265-280.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00696

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

非编码 RNA 对阿尔茨海默病的内在调控机制

  

  • 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2025-04-21

Potential mechanisms of non-coding RNA regulation in Alzheimer’s disease

Yue Sun1, #, Xinping Pang2, #, Xudong Huang3 , Dinglu Liu1 , Jingyue Huang1 , Pengtao Zheng1 , Yanyu Wei4, *, Chaoyang Pang1, *   

  1. 1 College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China;  2 School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;  3 Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA;  4 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
  • Online:2026-01-15 Published:2025-04-21
  • Contact: Yanyu Wei, PhD, yywei@uestc.edu.cn; Chaoyang Pang, PhD, cypang@sicnu.edu.cn.

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摘要：

阿尔茨海默病是一种逐渐加重的神经退化疾病，是老年痴呆症的一种常见形式。虽然人们对这种疾病的确切诱因仍不甚了解，但科学家们已逐渐揭示了与之相关的各种病理特征和分子途径。随着科学研究的不断进步，越来越多的研究结果表明，非编码 RNA在阿尔茨海默病中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些非编码 RNA可影响一系列对疾病发展至关重要的生物过程，为疾病的治疗途径和诊断生物标记物带来了重要的前景。此综述深入探讨了阿尔茨海默病发病的基本过程，尤其关注与阿尔茨海默病相关的微小RNA、长非编码RNA和环状RNA。阐明了非编码 RNA合成的复杂性和主要调控功能，以及它们操纵这些途径导致阿尔茨海默病发展的方式。将这些调控观点结合起来，有可能为阿尔茨海默病的治疗发现新的治疗目标和生物学指标。文章旨在加深对阿尔茨海默病与非编码 RNA之间关系的理解，从而为该病的早期识别和治疗开辟新途径。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1053-3367 (Chaoyang Pang)

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 神经变性, 发病机制, 非编码 RNA, 非编码 RNA调控, 微小RNA, 长非编码RNA, 环状RNA, 生物标志物, 治疗靶标

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease, a progressively degenerative neurological disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. While its precise etiology remains unclear, researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression. Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease, offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease onset, with a particular focus on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs associated with the disease. The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer’s disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs. It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer’s disease, as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease’s progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions. For example, miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene, promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein, thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer’s disease progression. Conversely, the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA, promoting the generation of amyloid-β and accelerating Alzheimer’s disease development. Additionally, circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses. By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms, there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer’s disease. This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and non-coding RNAs, potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, circular RNA, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, ncRNA regulation, neurodegeneration, non-coding RNA, pathogenesis, therapeutic targets