中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 156-172.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00550

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

小脑小胶质细胞:处于神经炎症和神经调节的边缘

  

  • 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2025-04-21
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科技创新2030-重大项目,编号:2021ZD0204000;中国科技部重点科技战略合作项目,编号:SQ2023YFE0201430;国家自然科学基金项目,编号:31820103005。国家自然科学基金,编号:31820103005,32200620;浙江省自然科学基金,编号:LZ24C090003。

Cerebellar microglia: On the edge between neuroinflammation and neuroregulation

Marina S. Dukhinova1 , Jingwen Guo2 , Enwei Shen2 , Wanting Liu1, 2, Wanqi Huang1, 2, Ying Shen1, 2, *, Luxi Wang1, 3, *   

  1. 1 Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institute of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China;  2 Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China;  3 Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Online:2026-01-15 Published:2025-04-21
  • Contact: Luxi Wang, PhD, luxiwang@zju.edu.cn; Ying Shen, PhD, yshen@zju.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from STI2030-Major Projects, No. 2021ZD0204000 (to YS); Key Strategic Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. SQ2023YFE0201430 (to YS); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 31820103005 (to YS), 32200620 (to LW); the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China, No. LZ24C090003 (to YS).

摘要:

小脑因其认知、情感和社会功能及其独特的代谢特征而受到越来越多的关注。小脑中的小胶质细胞在生理和病理条件下都表现出特化和高度免疫原性的表型,通过与内在和系统因素的相互作用,对小脑的结构和功能分区做出了贡献。文章探讨了小胶质细胞在塑造小脑微环境、神经炎症、小脑适应、神经元活动以及相关分子和细胞机制中的作用,还探讨了在神经炎症背景下针对小脑小胶质细胞的潜在治疗策略和前景。文章强调了这一领域的未来发展方向和尚未解决的问题,特别是针对小脑小胶质细胞的治疗干预以及小胶质细胞在小脑回路、神经元连接和小胶质细胞活动的神经功能输出中的功能机制和作用。小脑的形态和神经元性能受到内在和系统因素的影响,而这些因素在健康和疾病状态下都会受到小胶质细胞的积极监控。在病理条件下,局部小胶质细胞亚群对改变的微环境表现出不同的反应,并对小脑的结构和功能分区做出了贡献。小脑小胶质细胞在胚胎早期就已成熟,并表现出特化和高度免疫原性的表型;从上述角度看,小脑小胶质细胞可以成为一种调控工具,控制从神经发育和神经退行性病变到代谢和应激相关病变等多种神经和全身疾病的结局。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-6566 (Luxi Wang); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-5328 (Ying Shen)

关键词: 脑再生, 小脑疾病, 小脑, 先天性免疫, 巨噬细胞, 小胶质细胞, 新陈代谢, 神经炎症, 神经病理学, 浦肯野细胞

Abstract: The cerebellum is receiving increasing attention for its cognitive, emotional, and social functions, as well as its unique metabolic profiles. Cerebellar microglia exhibit specialized and highly immunogenic phenotypes under both physiological and pathological conditions. These immune cells communicate with intrinsic and systemic factors and contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum. In this review, we discuss the roles of microglia in the cerebellar microenvironment, neuroinflammation, cerebellar adaptation, and neuronal activity, the associated molecular and cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cerebellar microglia in the context of neuroinflammation. Future directions and unresolved questions in this field are further highlighted, particularly regarding therapeutic interventions targeting cerebellar microglia, functional mechanisms and activities of microglia in the cerebellar circuitry, neuronal connectivity, and neurofunctional outcomes of their activity. Cerebellar morphology and neuronal performance are influenced by both intrinsic and systemic factors that are actively monitored by microglia in both healthy and diseased states. Under pathological conditions, local subsets of microglia exhibit diverse responses to the altered microenvironment that contribute to the structural and functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum. Microglia in the cerebellum undergo early maturation during the embryonic stage and display specialized, highly immunogenic phenotypes. In summary, cerebellar microglia have the capacity to serve as regulatory tools that influence outcomes across a wide range of neurological and systemic conditions, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and stress-related disorders.

Key words: brain regeneration, cerebellar diseases, cerebellum, innate immunity, macrophages, metabolism, microglia, neuroinflammation, neuropathology, Purkinje cells