中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 2526-2540.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01329

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脑小血管病的生物标志物

  

  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2025-10-16

Biomarker advancements in cerebral small vessel disease: An overview

Wenqian Luo, Chenhui Cao, Wenli Li, Ting Wei, Zeyu Zhao, Guanqing Wang, Xiaoli Li, Yanbin Li* , Bin Liu*   

  1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2026-07-15 Published:2025-10-16
  • Contact: Yanbin Li, MD, 13864006933@163.com; Bin Liu, MD, lbliubinlb@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2021MH043 (to BL).

摘要:

脑小血管病是一种由微血管损伤导致的慢性脑灌注不足引起的疾病。它是导致脑卒中和痴呆的主要原因。传统上,脑小血管病的诊断主要依赖于神经影像学检查结果。然而,最近对脑小血管病生物学认识的进步为该病的早期检测和靶向治疗带来了新的机遇。重要的是,脑小血管病相关生物标志物的鉴定和研究已成为早期检测该疾病的一种很有前景的方法。此综述总结了脑小血管病生物标志物的最新研究进展,包括血浆生物标志物、脑脊液相关生物标志物和基因标志物。整合了目前对脑小血管病潜在机制的理解,阐明了这些生物标志物与成像特征之间的关系,以及它们与认知障碍的关联。文章旨在为今后确定脑小血管病的特定生物标志物提供一个框架。与脑小血管病相关的生物标志物研究为加强早期诊断和治疗策略提供了机会,同时也有助于加深对潜在发病机制的了解。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-3591 (Yanbin Li); https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8464-1631 (Bin Liu)

关键词: 衰老, 生物标志物, 脑小血管病, 脑脊液, 内皮功能障碍, 基因, 炎症生物标志物, 神经血管单元

Abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease is a condition caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to microvascular damage and is a major contributor to stroke and dementia. Traditionally, its diagnosis has relied primarily on neuroimaging findings. However, recent advances in the understanding of cerebral small vessel disease pathophysiology have opened new avenues for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions. Notably, the identification and investigation of cerebral small vessel disease–related biomarkers have emerged as a promising strategy for early diagnosis. This review provides an overview of recent research on cerebral small vessel disease biomarkers, including plasma biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and genetic markers. Finally, we discuss future directions and trends in the clinical validation of these biomarkers.

Key words: aging, biomarkers, cerebral small vessel disease, cerebrospinal fluid, endothelial dysfunction, genes, inflammatory biomarkers, neurovascular unit