中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (7): 1294-1304.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235085

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    

干细胞：治疗神经系统疾病有希望的候选者

  

  • 收稿日期:2018-05-20 出版日期:2018-07-15 发布日期:2018-07-15
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金（31471044）；国家科学技术部资金（2015AA020918）

Stem cells: a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders

Chang-Geng Song1, Yi-Zhe Zhang1, Hai-Ning Wu1, Xiu-Li Cao1, Chen-Jun Guo1, Yong-Qiang Li1, Min-Hua Zheng1, Hua Han1, 2   

  1. 1 Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
    2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2018-05-20 Online:2018-07-15 Published:2018-07-15
  • Contact: Hua Han, Ph.D. or Min-Hua Zheng, Ph.D.,huahan@fmmu.edu.cn or zhengmh@fmmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31471044; and a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2015AA020918

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摘要：

众所周知，由于中枢神经系统的再生修复能力极为有限，神经损害通常是不可逆转的。干细胞是具有再生能力的一类特殊的细胞，在基础研究和临床试验中，通过干细胞移植来治疗神经系统疾病的疗法受到广泛关注。文章总结了胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、神经干细胞、视网膜干细胞/前体细胞、间充质干细胞以及它们的衍生细胞在体内和体外的细胞生理及分子生物学特性。由于这些细胞具有自我更新、多向分化、神经营养和免疫调节等功能，它们被认为是神经再生疗法的细胞基础和治疗突破的来源。文章回顾了近年来利用干细胞治疗神经系统疾病，涉及帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、年龄相关性黄斑变性等神经退行性病变，以及外伤性脑损伤、神经胶质母细胞瘤等。另一方面，尽管存在少数不成功的案例、肿瘤发生的个例，以及伦理学方面的顾虑，但绝大多数动物研究和临床试验的结果都展现出干细胞治疗神经系统疾病光明的发展前景。综上所述，这些再生医学的发现很可能在未来给神经系统疾病的治疗带来突破性进展，干细胞可能会成为治疗神经系统疾病有希望的候选者。

orcid:0000-0002-1872-9700(Hua Han)
        0000-0002-5279-9366(Min-Hua Zheng)

关键词: 干细胞, 移植, 干细胞治, 神经系统, 神经退行性疾病, 神经系统疾病, 动物实验, 临床试验, 再生医学, 神经再生

Abstract:

Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system. Therefore, based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells, transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials, and some have shown great prospects. This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells,and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy. These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases, owing to their self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation, neurotrophic properties, and immune modulation effects. We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma. In spite of a few unsuccessful cases, risks of tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns, most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease. In summary, these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders.Thus, stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

Key words: nerve regeneration, stem cells, transplantation, stem cell therapy, nervous system, neurodegenerative disease, neurological disorders, animal experiment, clinical trial, regenerative medicine, neural regeneration