中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 774-780.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.382224

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

成人神经发生的万能策略:修复损伤大脑之路 

  

  • 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2023-09-15

Versatile strategies for adult neurogenesis: avenues to repair the injured brain

Junyi Zhao1, #, Siyu Liu1, #, Xianyuan Xiang1, 2, *, Xinzhou Zhu1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; 2Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; 3Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2024-04-15 Published:2023-09-15
  • Contact: Xinzhou Zhu, PhD, xz.zhu@siat.ac.cn; Xianyuan Xiang, PhD, xy.xiang@siat.ac.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the SIAT Innovation Program for Excellent Young Researchers, No. E1G0241001 (to XZ).

摘要:

创伤性脑损伤和脑卒中等脑损伤疾病都是导致成人死亡和残疾的主要原因。不幸的是,很少有干预措施能有效修复损伤的脑组织。在历经对成人大脑内源性神经发生的长期争论后,现已积累了足够的证据来支持其存在。尽管脑损伤通常会显著刺激神经发生,但注意的是,神经干/祖细胞的内源性分化通常不足以修复受损的脑组织。外源性干细胞移植在脑损伤动物模型中展现了其潜力,但其长期存活以及神经元分化效果方面局限性使其在临床应用中仍存在挑战。近年来,通过调节单个因子实现神经胶质细胞向神经元的转化也成为研究的热点,但对其有效性仍存争议。此次综述总结了这些神经发生策略在脑损伤后神经修复研究的历史和最新进展,还讨论了这些神经发生策略的优点和缺点,为进一步揭示脑损伤后神经发生机制及临床治疗方案的制订提供参考。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-1257 (Xinzhou Zhu); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-9027 (Xianyuan Xiang)

关键词: 创伤性脑损伤, 脑卒中, 成人神经发生, 神经源生态位, 干细胞移植, 神经炎症, 神经胶质转化

Abstract: Brain injuries due to trauma or stroke are major causes of adult death and disability. Unfortunately, few interventions are effective for post-injury repair of brain tissue. After a long debate on whether endogenous neurogenesis actually happens in the adult human brain, there is now substantial evidence to support its occurrence. Although neurogenesis is usually significantly stimulated by injury, the reparative potential of endogenous differentiation from neural stem/progenitor cells is usually insufficient. Alternatively, exogenous stem cell transplantation has shown promising results in animal models, but limitations such as poor long-term survival and inefficient neuronal differentiation make it still challenging for clinical use. Recently, a high focus was placed on glia-to-neuron conversion under single-factor regulation. Despite some inspiring results, the validity of this strategy is still controversial. In this review, we summarize historical findings and recent advances on neurogenesis strategies for neurorepair after brain injury. We also discuss their advantages and drawbacks, as to provide a comprehensive account of their potentials for further studies.

Key words: adult neurogenesis, glia-to-neuron conversion, ischemic stroke, neurogenic niche, neuroinflammation, stem cell transplantation, traumatic brain injury