中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 1497-1511.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01343

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病中的作用:机制和潜力

  

  • 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2025-07-26

Potential targets of microglia in the treatment of neurodegenerative disea

Wenhui Zhao1 , Zhongxuan Liu2 , Jiannan Wu1 , Anran Liu1 , Junqiang Yan1, 3, *   

  1. 1 Neuromolecular Biology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China;  2 Department of Rehabilitation, The First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province; 3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical
  • Online:2026-04-15 Published:2025-07-26
  • Contact: Junqiang Yan, MD, PhD, yanjq@haust.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by the Science and Technology Research of Henan Province, No. 242103810041 (to JY).

摘要:

在多种神经退行性疾病中可见小胶质细胞激活,且功能失调和过度激活的小胶质细胞会引发线粒体自噬、氧化应激和病理蛋白积累,最终导致神经炎症,加剧多巴胺能神经元损伤,并促进神经退行性疾病的发展。小胶质细胞过度激活与促炎细胞因子的分泌、受损神经元的吞噬作用和神经毒性环境的调节密切相关。此次综述总结了小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化、多系统萎缩、肌萎缩侧索硬化、额颞叶痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底变性、路易体痴呆和亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病中的作用,还讨论了铁死亡、铜死亡、双硫死亡和PARP-1依赖的细胞死亡(Parthanatos)的新型细胞死亡形式以及与小胶质细胞炎症相关的调节因子在帕金森病小胶质细胞激活及其诱发的神经炎症中的影响,旨在确定小胶质细胞治疗神经退行性疾病的潜在干预靶点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-929X (Junqiang Yan)

关键词: 小胶质细胞, 帕金森病, 神经退行性疾病, 调节因子, 神经炎症, 铁死亡, 铜死亡, 双硫死亡, parthanatos, 新型细胞死亡, 溶酶体酸化

Abstract: For diverse neurodegenerative disorders, microglial cells are activated. Furthermore, dysfunctional and hyperactivated microglia initiate mitochondrial autophagy, oxidative stress, and pathological protein accumulation, ending with neuroinflammation that exacerbates damage to dopaminergic neurons and contributes significantly to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorder. Microglial overactivation is closely associated with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the phagocytosis of injured neurons, and the modulation of neurotoxic environments. This review summarizes the role of microglia neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, cortical degeneration, Lewy body dementia, and Huntington’s disease. It also discusses novel forms of cell death such as ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, and parthanatos (poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase 1-dependent cell death), as well as the impact of regulatory factors related to microglial inflammation on microglial activation and neuroinflammation. The aim is to identify potential targets for microglial cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.

Key words: cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, ferroptosis, lysosomal acidification, microglia, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, novel cell death, Parkinson’s disease, parthanatos, regulatory factors