中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 855-868.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00986

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

中枢神经系统驻留和招募巨噬细胞在脑屏障系统中的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2025-07-01

Roles of central nervous system resident and recruited macrophages in the brain barrier system

Ze Liu1, #, Teng Cheng1, #, Hongtian Dong1, #, Dingya Sun1 , Yan Wang2 , Jiayan Li3 , Zhongwang Yu1, *, Li Cao1, *   

  1. 1 Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science SMMU, Shanghai, China;  2 Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital (Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University), Shanghai, China;  3 Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital SMMU, Shanghai, China
  • Online:2026-03-15 Published:2025-07-01
  • Contact: Li Cao, PhD, caoli@smmu.edu.cn; Zhongwang Yu, PhD, yzwqqq@smmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology China Brain Initiative Grant, No. 2022ZD0204702 (to ZY); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82371357 (to LC); Foundation for Military Medicine, No. 16QNP085 (to ZY); Navy Medical University Basic Medical College “Yi Zhang” Basic Medical Talent Development and Support Program, Nos. JCYZRC-D-022 (to TC) and JCYZRC-D-024 (to HD); and Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Shanghai Baoshan District, No. 2023-E-05 (to YW).

摘要:

脑屏障系统中的巨噬细胞既可作为小胶质细胞存在于脑实质内,也可作为血管周围巨噬细胞(pvMΦ)、脉络丛巨噬细胞(cpMΦ)存在于血脑屏障和脑脊液脑界面,还可作为边缘相关巨噬细胞(border-associated macrophages,BAMs)存在于脑膜硬膜下间隙。它们负责神经发育、维持体内平衡和协调免疫反应。随着新技术的快速开发和发展,人们对脑屏障系统中的巨噬细胞有了更深入的了解。文章总结了中枢神经系统脑屏障系统小胶质细胞与边缘相关巨噬细胞之间的起源、发展、重要分子和功能,并进一步关注了单细胞测序中一些重要细胞标记的进展。期待未来能有更先进的方法来研究小胶质细胞和边缘相关巨噬细胞,为神经免疫学和相关外周免疫领域研究开辟新天地。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-0158 (Zhongwang Yu)

关键词: 脑屏障系统, 小胶质细胞, 边界相关巨噬细胞, 发育, 单细胞测序, 细胞标记, 神经免疫学

Abstract: Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders, and recruited macrophages. They are responsible for neural development, maintenance of homeostasis, and orchestrating immune responses. With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies, there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system. Here we review the origin, development, important molecules, and functions of macrophages, mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages. We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers. We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future, opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.

Key words: border-associated macrophages, brain barrier system, cell markers, development, microglia, neuroimmunology, recruited macrophages, resident macrophages, single-cell sequencing