中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2026, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 2487-2496.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01427

• 原著:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    

转化生长因子β相关蛋白可促进受损背根神经节神经元轴突的再生

  

  • 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2025-09-19

Transforming growth factor beta–related proteins promote axonal regeneration of injured dorsal root ganglion neurons

Yinying Shen, Peng Yang, Wenyu Dai, Xiaosong Gu* , Sheng Yi*   

  1. Medical School of Nantong University, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2026-06-15 Published:2025-09-19
  • Contact: Xiaosong Gu, PhD, nervegu@ntu.edu.cn; Sheng Yi, PhD, syi@ntu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 92368207 and Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Major Project of Jiangsu Province, No. BK20232023 (both to XG).

摘要:

背根神经节神经元在发育和衰老过程中逐渐丧失轴突再生能力。为探索增强轴突再生的分子,实验首先筛选了坐骨神经损伤后年轻和老年大鼠背根神经节中具有不同基因表达模式的生长因子,发现2种转化生长因子β相关因子激活素A和促血管生成素2在神经损伤后仅在年轻动物中上调。进而以重组激活素A或促血管生成素2干预离体的新生和年轻成年大鼠背根神经节外植体和培养的背根神经节神经元,可见激活素A和促血管生成蛋白2均能刺激神经突起生长以及轴突伸长。同时,重组激活素A或促血管生成素2也能促进坐骨神经损伤大鼠背根神经节中感觉神经元的生长,并促进神经再生。最后以RNA测序表征了激活素A或促血管生成素2干预后背根神经节神经元的遗传变化,并揭示了这2种转化生长因子β相关因子的独特机制。其中激活素A可引发细胞骨架相关基因Gper1的变化,激活ERK信号传导通路,而促血管生成素2促进E2f2表达。实验结果显示,激活素A和促血管生成素2都是促进老年背根神经节轴突再生的重要因素,并为损伤周围神经的治疗提供了潜在的策略指导。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-6275 (Xiaosong Gu); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-3370 (Sheng Yi)

关键词: 背根神经节, 生长因子, 激活素A, 促血管生成素2, 神经元, 神经突起生长, 轴突伸长, Gper1, E2f2, 轴突再生

Abstract: Dorsal root ganglia neurons gradually lose their axonal regeneration ability during development and aging. To explore molecules that enhance axonal regeneration, we screened growth factors with differential gene expression patterns in the dorsal root ganglias of young adult and aged animals following sciatic nerve injury. In young adult animals, two transforming growth factor beta-related factors, activin A and angiopoietin 2, were found to be upregulated post nerve injury. Treatment of isolated dorsal root ganglia explants and cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons of neonatal and young adult rats with recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein stimulated neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation. The administration of recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 protein to sciatic nerve crush-injured dorsal root ganglias also supported the growth of sensory neurons and facilitated nerve regeneration in both young adult and aged rats. Using RNA sequencing, we characterized genetic changes in dorsal root ganglia neurons following recombinant activin A or angiopoietin 2 treatment, revealing the unique mechanisms of these transforming growth factor beta–related factors. Recombinant activin A elicited changes in the gene expression of cytoskeleton-related Gper1 and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, while angiopoietin 2 increased the expression of the transcription factor gene E2f2. Our identification of activin A and angiopoietin 2 as crucial promotional factors of axonal regeneration may guide future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nerve injury.

Key words: activin A, angiopoietin 2, axon elongation, axonal regeneration, dorsal root ganglion, E2f2, Gper1, growth factor, neurite outgrowth, neuron