中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (11): 2499-2512.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01863

• 原著:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲁索替尼改善炎症微环境恢复谷氨酸稳态促进损伤脊髓功能恢复

  

  • 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-03-29
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82272484)

Ruxolitinib improves the inflammatory microenvironment, restores glutamate homeostasis, and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Jiang Cao1, #, Xiao Yu1, #, Jingcheng Liu1, #, Jiaju Fu1, Binyu Wang2, Chaoqin Wu1, Sheng Zhang3, Hongtao Chen4, Zi Wang1, #br# Yinyang Xu1, Tao Sui1, *, Jie Chang4, *, Xiaojian Cao1, *   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Trauma Surgery, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-03-29
  • Contact: Xiaojian Cao, MD, PhD, xiaojiancao001@163.com; Jie Chang, MD, cschangjie@163.com; Tao Sui, PhD, nydsuitao@163.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82272484 (to XC).

摘要:

炎症微环境和神经兴奋性毒性会阻碍脊髓损伤后的神经元再生和功能恢复。鲁索替尼(Ruxolitinib)是一种JAK-STAT抑制剂,可治疗自身免疫性疾病和关节炎,并可对抗炎症因子风暴。尽管研究已显示了鲁索替尼在神经系统创伤中具有显著的神经保护潜力,但其增强脊髓损伤后功能恢复的确切机制,特别是对星形胶质细胞的影响,仍然不明。此次实验首先在T10脊髓挫伤小鼠模型中发现,灌胃鲁索替尼可有效改善其后肢运动功能,并缩小脊髓损伤面积。进一步转录组测序分析结果显示,鲁索替尼可减轻脊髓损伤后的炎症和免疫反应,恢复了EAAT2表达,降低谷氨酸水平,减轻兴奋性毒性。随后发现鲁索替尼可抑制损伤脊髓中JAK2和STAT3的磷酸化,并通过抑制核因子κB信号通路,降低核因子κB磷酸化水平和炎症因子白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α的表达。最后在谷氨酸诱导兴奋性毒性星形胶质细胞中发现,鲁索替尼通过抑制STAT3的激活来恢复星形胶质细胞中EAAT2的表达并增强谷氨酸的摄取,从而减少谷氨酸诱导的神经兴奋性毒性、钙内流、氧化应激和细胞凋亡,并增加树突分支的复杂性。上述结果表明,鲁索替尼可通过挽救星形胶质细胞EAAT2的表达来恢复谷氨酸稳态减少神经兴奋性毒性,并有效减轻脊髓损伤后的炎症反应和免疫反应,从而促进脊髓损伤的功能恢复。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-0536 (Xiaojian Cao); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-4856 (Jie Chang); 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-9503 (Tao Sui)

关键词:

脊髓损伤, 鲁索替尼, 运动功能, 星形胶质细胞, EAAT2, 兴奋性毒性, 转录组分析, JAK-STAT通路, 谷氨酸稳态, 星形细胞, 神经毒性

Abstract: The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor, exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, and managing inflammatory cytokine storms. Although studies have shown the neuroprotective potential of ruxolitinib in neurological trauma, the exact mechanism by which it enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury, particularly its effect on astrocytes, remains unclear. To address this gap, we established a mouse model of T10 spinal cord contusion and found that ruxolitinib effectively improved hindlimb motor function and reduced the area of spinal cord injury. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that ruxolitinib alleviated inflammation and immune response after spinal cord injury, restored EAAT2 expression, reduced glutamate levels, and alleviated excitatory toxicity. Furthermore, ruxolitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the injured spinal cord and decreased the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity astrocytes, ruxolitinib restored EAAT2 expression and increased glutamate uptake by inhibiting the activation of STAT3, thereby reducing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, calcium influx, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and increasing the complexity of dendritic branching. Collectively, these results indicate that ruxolitinib restores glutamate homeostasis by rescuing the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes, reduces neurotoxicity, and effectively alleviates inflammatory and immune responses after spinal cord injury, thereby promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Key words: astrocytes, EAAT2, excitotoxicity, glutamate homeostasis, JAK-STAT pathway, locomotor function, neurotoxicity, ruxolitinib, spinal cord injury, transcriptome analysis