中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (12): 2735-2749.doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00109

• 原著:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

视神经脊髓炎生物标记物:新兴研究趋势的可视化分析

  

  • 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-03-30

Biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica: a visual analysis of emerging research trends

Xiangjun Li1, Jiandong Zhang2, Siqi Zhang1, Shengling Shi1, Yi’an Lu2, Ying Leng1, Chunyan Li3, *   

  1. 1Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun Bright Eye Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; 3Departemt of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
  • Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-03-30
  • Contact: Chunyan Li, MD, xiangjun777@126.com.

摘要:

视神经脊髓炎是一种与多发性硬化不同的炎症性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,近20年来,其诊断标志物的探索一直在进行中。文章采用文献计量学的方法,通过分析了视神经脊髓炎的标志物研究热点发现,此领域研究数量总体趋势是不断增长的,中国和美国在此领域的研究数量占据一定优势,美国的梅奥诊所是此领域的全球最权威机构,该机构的Wingerchuk DM教授是这个领域全球最权威的专家。关键词分析提示,neuromyelitis optica视神经脊髓炎(261次),multiple sclerosis多发性硬化(220次),neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍(132次),aquaporin 4水通道蛋白4(99次),optic neuritis视神经炎(87次)是该领域文献中频次最高的关键词。文章进一步对权威经典文献进行深度分析发现:以往大部分经典共被引文献的研究证据均证实了“AQP4-IgG和NMO-IgG可用于诊断鉴别视神经脊髓炎和多发性硬化”这一论断。对于视神经脊髓炎疾病系谱障碍(NMOSD)而言,AQP4-IgG是具有高度特异性的NMOSD诊断诊断生物标志物。MOG-IgG是视神经脊髓炎相关疾病(MOGAD)的诊断生物标志物。目前关于视神经脊髓炎的最新生物标志物如脑脊液免疫学生物标志物--胶质纤维酸性蛋白、血清星形胶质细胞损伤标志物--FAM19A5、血清白蛋白及脑内γ-氨基丁酸等的最新前瞻性临床试验正在进行中,其中胶质纤维酸性蛋白有可能成为NMOSD的最新候补生物标志物,结果令人期待。找到敏感性、特异性、安全性较均高的视神经脊髓炎非侵入性的标志物是未来研究的主要方向。 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-9786 (Chunyan Li)

关键词: 视神经脊髓炎(NMO), 视神经脊髓炎疾病系谱(NMOSD), 视神经脊髓炎相关疾病(MOGAD), 水通道蛋白4(AQP4), 自身抗体, 光学相干断层扫描, 多发性硬化

Abstract: Neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that differs from multiple sclerosis. Over the past 20 years, the search for biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica has been ongoing. Here, we used a bibliometric approach to analyze the main research focus in the field of biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica. Research in this area is consistently increasing, with China and the United States leading the way on the number of studies conducted. The Mayo Clinic is a highly reputable institution in the United States, and was identified as the most authoritative institution in this field. Furthermore, Professor Wingerchuk from the Mayo Clinic was the most authoritative expert in this field. Keyword analysis revealed that the terms “neuromyelitis optica” (261 times), “multiple sclerosis” (220 times), “neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder” (132 times), “aquaporin 4” (99 times), and “optical neuritis” (87 times) were the most frequently used keywords in literature related to this field. Comprehensive analysis of the classical literature showed that the majority of publications provide conclusive research evidence supporting the use of aquaporin-4-IgG and neuromyelitis optica-IgG to effectively diagnose and differentiate neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, aquaporin-4-IgG has emerged as a highly specific diagnostic biomarker for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG is a diagnostic biomarker for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Recent biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica include cerebrospinal fluid immunological biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, serum astrocyte damage biomarkers like FAM19A5, serum albumin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The latest prospective clinical trials are exploring the potential of these biomarkers. Preliminary results indicate that glial fibrillary acidic protein is emerging as a promising candidate biomarker for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The ultimate goal of future research is to identify non-invasive biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity, and safety for the accurate diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica.

Key words: aquaporin-4, autoantibody, multiple sclerosis, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, neuromyelitis optica, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, optical coherence tomography