中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 1221-1232.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385853

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

tau截短体与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制

  

  • 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2023-11-17
  • 基金资助:
    南通大学江苏省神经再生协同创新中心;国家自然科学基金面上项目(81872853,81870941)和南通市科技计划项目(JC22022022,JC2021059)

Tau truncation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review

Dandan Chu1, #, Xingyue Yang2, #, Jing Wang2, Yan Zhou3, Jin-Hua Gu4, Jin Miao5, Feng Wu2, *, Fei Liu6, *   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; 5Laboratory of Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; 6Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA 
  • Online:2024-06-15 Published:2023-11-17
  • Contact: Fei Liu, PhD, Fei.liu@opwdd.ny.gov; Feng Wu, PhD, wf619@ntu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Neural Regeneration Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University (to DC); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81872853 (to DC), 81870941 (to JHG); and the Science and Technology Project of Nantong City, Nos. JC22022022 (to FW) and JC2021059 (to JM).

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病存在2个主要的神经病理学特征:细胞外β淀粉样蛋白斑块和细胞内过度磷酸化tau蛋白聚集成的神经纤维缠结。最近有研究发现微管相关蛋白tau的失调,特别是特异性蛋白水解,可能驱动阿尔茨海默病中的神经退行性变。tau在生理上可促进微管的组装和稳定,而特定的截短片段能够诱导异常的过度磷酸化,并聚集成有毒的低聚物,从而呈现朊样传播特性。此外,tau截短体会以片段依赖的方式对神经和胶质细胞功能以及动物认知和行为能力造成广泛损伤。此次综述总结了tau的60多个截断位点和相应截断片段,探索了特定截断体在生理和阿尔茨海默病病理状态下的作用,并归纳了tau片段的靶向策略在阿尔茨海默病诊断和治疗中的最新应用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-9051 (Dandan Chu); https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-4419 (Fei Liu)

关键词: tau, 截短, 切割位点, 磷酸化, 聚集, 神经原纤维缠结, 阿尔茨海默病, 诊断, 治疗, 标志物

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by two major neuropathological hallmarks—the extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregated and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau, especially specific proteolysis, could be a driving force for Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration. Tau physiologically promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules, whereas specific truncated fragments are sufficient to induce abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregate into toxic oligomers, resulting in them gaining prion-like characteristics. In addition, Tau truncations cause extensive impairments to neural and glial cell functions and animal cognition and behavior in a fragment-dependent manner. This review summarizes over 60 proteolytic cleavage sites and their corresponding truncated fragments, investigates the role of specific truncations in physiological and pathological states of Alzheimer’s disease, and summarizes the latest applications of strategies targeting Tau fragments in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. 

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, cleavage site, diagnosis, marker, neurofibrillary tangles, phosphorylation, Tau, Tau aggregation, therapy, truncation